Type III secretion: The bacteria-eukaryotic cell
... Microbiology and Infection, Armstrong Road, Flowers Building, ...
... Microbiology and Infection, Armstrong Road, Flowers Building, ...
Holding it all together? Candidate proteins for the plant Golgi matrix
... important for maintaining the integrity of the Golgi apparatus has been identified in animals and yeast (Figure 2). Golgins are large proteins with extensive coiled-coil domains [20–22]. The coiled-coil is a very common protein motif that consists of heptad repeats, which form amphipatic a-helices t ...
... important for maintaining the integrity of the Golgi apparatus has been identified in animals and yeast (Figure 2). Golgins are large proteins with extensive coiled-coil domains [20–22]. The coiled-coil is a very common protein motif that consists of heptad repeats, which form amphipatic a-helices t ...
Molecular characteristics of sucrose synthase
... 2-α-D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.13), extracted from the bird cherry (Prunus padus L.) leaves was elucidated. The sucrose synthase was successfully purified by using a four-step protocol including ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and ion-exchange chromato ...
... 2-α-D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.13), extracted from the bird cherry (Prunus padus L.) leaves was elucidated. The sucrose synthase was successfully purified by using a four-step protocol including ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and ion-exchange chromato ...
Sugar Signaling and Proteolysis in Higher Plants
... (Hebers et al. 1996). However, high hexose levels altered gene expression only in plants expressing invertase in the apoplasm or the vacuole, but not in plants expressing invertase in the cytosol. It was proposed that hexose sensing mechanisms are located at the secretory membrane system (Hebers et ...
... (Hebers et al. 1996). However, high hexose levels altered gene expression only in plants expressing invertase in the apoplasm or the vacuole, but not in plants expressing invertase in the cytosol. It was proposed that hexose sensing mechanisms are located at the secretory membrane system (Hebers et ...
Protein-Reactive Natural Products
... Further investigations showed that lactacystin does not mimic nerve growth factor;[38] instead, it reacts specifically with the proteasome, binding covalently to the hydroxy group ...
... Further investigations showed that lactacystin does not mimic nerve growth factor;[38] instead, it reacts specifically with the proteasome, binding covalently to the hydroxy group ...
Vesicle-mediated Protein Transport: Regulatory
... these vps (vacuolar protein sorting defective) mutants missort and secrete vacuolar proteins as their Golgi-modified precursors. Characterization of the products of the VPS genes has provided considerable insight into the molecules and mechanisms involved in the signal-mediated delivery of proteins ...
... these vps (vacuolar protein sorting defective) mutants missort and secrete vacuolar proteins as their Golgi-modified precursors. Characterization of the products of the VPS genes has provided considerable insight into the molecules and mechanisms involved in the signal-mediated delivery of proteins ...
Correlating ribosome function with high
... Figure 1. The ribosome functional centers. (a) The two ribosomal subunits. Left: the small ribosomal subunit (T30S) [4]. The approximate positions of codon–anticodon interactions of A-, P- and E-tRNAs are shown and the main functional domains are indicated: H, head; L, latch; P, platform; S, shoulde ...
... Figure 1. The ribosome functional centers. (a) The two ribosomal subunits. Left: the small ribosomal subunit (T30S) [4]. The approximate positions of codon–anticodon interactions of A-, P- and E-tRNAs are shown and the main functional domains are indicated: H, head; L, latch; P, platform; S, shoulde ...
Caspases - Essays in Biochemistry
... caspases (pro-caspases 1, 4, 5, 11 and 13), contain long pro-domains, while the pro-domains in effector caspases (pro-caspases 3, 6 and 7) are short. The long pro-domains contain distinct motifs, including DEDs (death effector domains) present in pro-caspases 8 and 10 and CARDs (caspase-recruitment ...
... caspases (pro-caspases 1, 4, 5, 11 and 13), contain long pro-domains, while the pro-domains in effector caspases (pro-caspases 3, 6 and 7) are short. The long pro-domains contain distinct motifs, including DEDs (death effector domains) present in pro-caspases 8 and 10 and CARDs (caspase-recruitment ...
proposal-aug25
... domains. To estimate the expected number of false positives identified in the cluster analysis we will repeat the clustering on the motifs identified in simulated disordered proteins. These computational studies will be performed by a PhD student in the Moses lab in the first years of the project. T ...
... domains. To estimate the expected number of false positives identified in the cluster analysis we will repeat the clustering on the motifs identified in simulated disordered proteins. These computational studies will be performed by a PhD student in the Moses lab in the first years of the project. T ...
The Serum Proteins of the Rat During Development
... An asymmetry was found in the trailing region of the gamma-globulin fraction during all stages of development, including the adult. An asymmetry very similar in appearance and position was also found by Gurvich & Karsaevskaya (1956), but only in sera from perinatal animals. These workers have design ...
... An asymmetry was found in the trailing region of the gamma-globulin fraction during all stages of development, including the adult. An asymmetry very similar in appearance and position was also found by Gurvich & Karsaevskaya (1956), but only in sera from perinatal animals. These workers have design ...
The molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy
... atrophy. Unloading atrophy results in upregulation of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase and is more damaging because of a concomitant decrease of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and, possibly, Mn superoxide dismutase (56), the systems that would normally act to metabolize increases in ROS. Treatment of m ...
... atrophy. Unloading atrophy results in upregulation of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase and is more damaging because of a concomitant decrease of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and, possibly, Mn superoxide dismutase (56), the systems that would normally act to metabolize increases in ROS. Treatment of m ...
Determination of the Correlation between Conductance and Architecture of Disordered ß-amyloid Channels
... in ionic conductance shortly after the bilayer is deposited over a pored[4]. Due to the disordered nature of the proteins resulting in varying oligomer lengths, the conductance observed varies widely, this is thought to be primarily due to the inconsistent diameter size created by having pores compo ...
... in ionic conductance shortly after the bilayer is deposited over a pored[4]. Due to the disordered nature of the proteins resulting in varying oligomer lengths, the conductance observed varies widely, this is thought to be primarily due to the inconsistent diameter size created by having pores compo ...
REVIEWS - Haseloff Lab
... C-terminal Gly carboxyl group of ubiquitin is linked through an isopeptide bond to an accessible amino group (typically a Lys ε-amino) in the target. By attaching ubiquitin in various ways, distinct target fates can be achieved. For example, by reiterative rounds of ubiquitylation, polymeric ubiquit ...
... C-terminal Gly carboxyl group of ubiquitin is linked through an isopeptide bond to an accessible amino group (typically a Lys ε-amino) in the target. By attaching ubiquitin in various ways, distinct target fates can be achieved. For example, by reiterative rounds of ubiquitylation, polymeric ubiquit ...
Transport of Storage Proteins to Protein Storage Vacuoles Is
... are not glycosylated. Recently, we isolated a cDNA of the third major storage protein of pumpkin, the 51-kD protein. The cDNA encodes the 100-kD precursor with no possible N-linked glycosylation site (data not shown). Thus, it is not necessary for these pumpkin storage proteins to pass through the G ...
... are not glycosylated. Recently, we isolated a cDNA of the third major storage protein of pumpkin, the 51-kD protein. The cDNA encodes the 100-kD precursor with no possible N-linked glycosylation site (data not shown). Thus, it is not necessary for these pumpkin storage proteins to pass through the G ...
A new look at sodium channel b subunits
... Figure 1. A simplified cartoon showing the main events underlying the action potential. (a) Neurons and other electrically excitable cells maintain a plasma membrane resting potential of about 270 mV (the membrane potential is defined relative to the extracellular medium; a potential of 270 mV impli ...
... Figure 1. A simplified cartoon showing the main events underlying the action potential. (a) Neurons and other electrically excitable cells maintain a plasma membrane resting potential of about 270 mV (the membrane potential is defined relative to the extracellular medium; a potential of 270 mV impli ...
NF-kB as a primary regulator of the stress response
... facilitating recruitment of aPKCs to the TNF receptor complex. The aPKCs then function to directly activate IKK2 and consequently NF-kB. The precise mechanism by which intracellular signals are relayed from the cell membrane to the nucleus are complex and varied. One theme involves the integration o ...
... facilitating recruitment of aPKCs to the TNF receptor complex. The aPKCs then function to directly activate IKK2 and consequently NF-kB. The precise mechanism by which intracellular signals are relayed from the cell membrane to the nucleus are complex and varied. One theme involves the integration o ...
Mercury, Cadmium, and Arsenite Enhance Heat Shock Protein
... (Dix et al., 1998; Hunter and Dix, 2001). Similarly, in mouse embryonic stem cells, overexpression of hsp27 prevented cadmium-, mercury-, and arsenite-induced toxicity (Wu and Welsh, 1996). Earlier reports had indicated that mild heat pre-treatment prevented cadmium-induced teratogenic effects in mo ...
... (Dix et al., 1998; Hunter and Dix, 2001). Similarly, in mouse embryonic stem cells, overexpression of hsp27 prevented cadmium-, mercury-, and arsenite-induced toxicity (Wu and Welsh, 1996). Earlier reports had indicated that mild heat pre-treatment prevented cadmium-induced teratogenic effects in mo ...
Chapter 33 Slides
... • This is the central reaction of protein synthesis • 23S rRNA is the peptidyl transferase! • The "reaction center" of 23S rRNA is shown in Figure 33.14 - these bases are among the most highly conserved in all of biology. • Translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site follows (see Fi ...
... • This is the central reaction of protein synthesis • 23S rRNA is the peptidyl transferase! • The "reaction center" of 23S rRNA is shown in Figure 33.14 - these bases are among the most highly conserved in all of biology. • Translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site follows (see Fi ...
Prions: Infectious Proteins with Genetic Properties
... the PrPSc protein in brain tissue of patients with prion diseases usually have filamentous or rod-like structure, which indicates its regular polymerization. The polymerization model is also supported by in vitro studies of the PrPC conversion into PrPSc [12], which demonstrated that only high-mol ...
... the PrPSc protein in brain tissue of patients with prion diseases usually have filamentous or rod-like structure, which indicates its regular polymerization. The polymerization model is also supported by in vitro studies of the PrPC conversion into PrPSc [12], which demonstrated that only high-mol ...
Rubisco Synthesis, Assembly, Mechanism, and Regulation
... to a more efficient form I enzyme, particularly under conditions in which low CC>2 prevails. Form I Rubisco is composed of two different-sized subunits. In addition to eight L-subunits, the enzyme requires an equivalent number of S-subunits to be fully active. Although the quaternary structures of t ...
... to a more efficient form I enzyme, particularly under conditions in which low CC>2 prevails. Form I Rubisco is composed of two different-sized subunits. In addition to eight L-subunits, the enzyme requires an equivalent number of S-subunits to be fully active. Although the quaternary structures of t ...
Bitis gabonica rhinoceros
... Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected] ...
... Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected] ...
Expanding roles of protein kinase CK2 in regulating plant growth
... (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is not viable, suggesting a vital role in cell survival (Padmanabha et al., 1990). In plants, both CK2 subunits are encoded by multigene families; hence, a single-gene knockout mutant is not likely to show any abnormal phenotype. Two different strategies have been used to ...
... (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is not viable, suggesting a vital role in cell survival (Padmanabha et al., 1990). In plants, both CK2 subunits are encoded by multigene families; hence, a single-gene knockout mutant is not likely to show any abnormal phenotype. Two different strategies have been used to ...
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the BRI1 receptor kinase occurs via a
... In metazoans, receptor kinases control many essential processes related to growth and development and response to the environment. The receptor kinases in plants and animals are structurally similar but evolutionarily distinct and thus while most animal receptor kinases are tyrosine kinases the plan ...
... In metazoans, receptor kinases control many essential processes related to growth and development and response to the environment. The receptor kinases in plants and animals are structurally similar but evolutionarily distinct and thus while most animal receptor kinases are tyrosine kinases the plan ...
A defined subset of adenylyl cyclases is regulated by bicarbonate ion.
... generation of Earth’s oxygen atmosphere (11). To define the extent to which class III ACs may be stimulated by HCO3- we have utilized the cyaB1 AC gene of the nitrogen fixing freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 as a model system. Cyanobacteria are dependent upon the accumulation of intrac ...
... generation of Earth’s oxygen atmosphere (11). To define the extent to which class III ACs may be stimulated by HCO3- we have utilized the cyaB1 AC gene of the nitrogen fixing freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 as a model system. Cyanobacteria are dependent upon the accumulation of intrac ...
Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.