* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Special Study Project III
DNA repair protein XRCC4 wikipedia , lookup
RNA polymerase II holoenzyme wikipedia , lookup
Endogenous retrovirus wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Agarose gel electrophoresis wikipedia , lookup
DNA profiling wikipedia , lookup
Promoter (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Eukaryotic transcription wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup
Epitranscriptome wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Transcriptional regulation wikipedia , lookup
Restriction enzyme wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Silencer (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Transformation (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Real-time polymerase chain reaction wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Community fingerprinting wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Biosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Special Study Project III 1. The sequence of nitrogen bases on one strand of DNA could determine the: a. Sequence of nitrogen bases in mRNA b. Sequence of amino acids in protein c. Sequence of nitrogen bases in the other DNA strand d. All of the above choices are correct e. Sequence of amino acids in the mRNA 2. When comparing DNA and RNA, we find: a. No sugar is present in either molecule b. Hydrogen bonding is important only in DNA c. Only DNA has a backbone of sugars and phosphates d. Adenine pairs with different bases in DNA and RNA e. Thymine pairs with different bases in DNA and RNA 3. Which of these is found in RNA but not in DNA? a. Adenine b. Uracil c. Thymine d. Phosphate groups e. Deoxyribose sugar 4. The number of consecutive mRNA bases needed to specify an amino acid is: a. 3 b. 4 c. 20 d. 64 e. A variable number 5. The number of different possible codons is: a. 3 b. 4 c. 20 d. 64 6. If a bacterial protein has 30 amino acids, how many nucleotides are needed to code for it? a. 30 b. 60 c. 90 d. 120 e. 600 7. Which of the following molecules functions to transfer information from one generation to the next? a. DNA b. mRNA c. tRNA d. Proteins e. Lipids 8. If the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is TAGGCTAA, what is the corresponding sequence of bases in mRNA? a. ATCCGATT b. TAGGCTAA c. CGAAUCGG d. AATCGGAT e. AUCCGAUU 9. The number of nucleotides in a codon is: a. 3 b. 4 c. 20 d. 64 e. A variable number 10. The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called: a. Translation b. Transformation c. Replication d. Transcription e. Polymerization 11. Transcription is the process of a. synthesizing a DNA molecule from an RNA template. b. assembling an RNA molecule without a template. c. synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template. d. synthesizing a protein using information from a mRNA. e. replicating a single-stranded DNA molecule. 12. If a tRNA molecule specialized for transfer of the amino acid valine has the anticodon CAG, with what codon will it couple? a. GAC b. GTC c. TUG d. GUC e. CAG 13. An anticodon is: a. 4 consecutive nucleotides in tRNA b. 3 consecutive nucleotides in tRNA c. The beginning of a DNA molecule d. 3 consecutive nucleotides in mRNA e. 3 consecutive amino acids in a protein 14. In the sequence: DNA 1 RNA 2 protein Step (1) is called a. Translation b. Amino acid synthesis c. DNA replication d. Transcription e. Dehydration synthesis 15. The site of protein synthesis is the: a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Nucleus c. Nucleolus d. Ribosome e. Eukaryotic chromosome 16. Each new amino acid is attached to the growing chain by: a. An ionic bond b. A physical bond c. Hydrogen bonds d. An RNA bond e. A peptide bond 17. What is the minimum number of tRNA molecules required to produce a 60-amino acid polypeptide made up of only ten different kinds of amino acids? a. 15 b. 10 c. 30 d. 60 e. 120 18. A gene may encode information needed by a cell to produce: a. Enzymes b. Structural proteins c. Hormones d. RNA e. All the above choices are correct 19. Which of the following is not a goal of biotechnology? a. Generating economic benefits b. Efficiently producing biologically important molecules c. Improving agriculturally important food plants d. More effectively treating disease e. Creating humans with higher intelligence levels 20. Manipulating the molecular basis of inheritance by recombinant DNA technology is called: a. Mendelian genetics b. Biotechnology c. DNA fingerprinting d. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) e. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 21. Biotechnology cannot be used to: a. Produce large quantities of particular human proteins b. Produce effective and safe vaccines c. Identify human fetuses with particular genetic diseases d. Alter food plants to increase yield e. Alter the intelligence levels of newborn infants 22. Naturally occurring methods of recombining DNA within a species include: a. Mitosis b. Crossing over during meiosis I only c. Sexual reproduction only d. In-vitro fertilization e. Crossing over and sexual reproduction 23. In biotechnology research, DNA fragments created by restriction enzyme action are separated from one another by: a. Crossing over b. Gel electrophoresis c. Centrifugation d. Filtering e. The polymerase chain reaction 24. The enzymes used to cut genes in recombinant DNA research are called: a. DNA polymerases b. RNA polymerases c. Spliceosomes d. Replicases e. Restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) 25. In recombinant DNA technology, plasmids: a. Are used to insert foreign DNA into bacteria b. Show restriction enzymes where to cut bacterial DNA c. Are necessary for cellular respiration in bacteria d. Are where protein synthesis occurs in bacteria e. Are found in the blood of bacteria 26. Which pair of enzymes is necessary to make recombinant DNA? a. DNA polymerase and ligase b. Ligase and restriction enzyme c. Restriction enzyme and DNA polymerase d. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase e. Those that cause dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis 27. Choosing from the list below, which is a reasonable sequence of steps for cloning a piece of foreign DNA into a plasmid vector? 1. Transform competent cells 2. Select for the lack of antibiotic resistance gene #1 function 3. Select for the plasmid antibiotic resistance gene #2 function 4. Digest vector and foreign DNA with EcoRI, which inactivates antibiotic resistance gene #1 5. Ligate the digested DNA together a.4, 5, 1, 3, 2 b.4, 5, 1, 2, 3 c.1, 3, 4, 2, 5 d.3, 2, 1, 4, 5 e. None of the above 28. Restriction enzymes are useful in recombinant DNA studies because they: a. Cut DNA at specific locations b. Join the cut ends of small DNA molecules c. Can reproduce in bacteria d. Give plasmids antibiotic properties e. Can separate pieces of DNA and RNA from each other 29. A readily accessible, easily duplicated assemblage of all the DNA of a particular organism is: a. Found in a chromosome b. Called a "gene pool" c. Possible only using bacterial DNA d. Called a "polymerase chain reaction" assemblage e. Called a "DNA library" or genomic library 30. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques are useful in: a. Isolating a gene whose location and function are already known b. Prenatal diagnosis of certain genetic defects if the nucleotide sequence of the gene is known c. "DNA fingerprinting" in forensic medicine d. Providing DNA for PCR analysis e. Both choices b and c are correct 31. Differences in RFLP banding patterns indicate that a. the two different DNAs being tested possess different base pairs. b. mRNA is not transcribed. c. the genes map to different chromosomes. d. a and c. e. None of the above. 32. DNA migrates in an electric field because a. it is positively charged. b. it is negatively charged. c. organisms only have a few chromosomes. d. different chromosomes carry different charges. e. none of the above. 33. Controversy has arisen about using genetically engineered bovine growth hormone to increase milk yield in cattle. This points out that: a. Recombinant DNA technology is inherently a bad idea and should be abandoned b. Humans are not wise enough to use this technique properly c. Society should let scientists decide the proper uses of recombinant DNA technology d. Society as a whole should decide the proper uses of recombinant DNA technology e. Citizens should not be allowed to decide such issues since they tend to make decisions based on emotion 34. Which of the following is not a goal of biotechnology? a. To understand more about the process of inheritance and gene expression b. To provide better understanding and treatment of various human diseases c. To generate improved agricultural plants and domestic animals d. To prevent the inheritance of human genes judged to be undesirable e. All the above choices are valid goals of biotechnology 35. For a freebie, mark “C”. Take a break and seek answers to the following. These can all be found in Chaps 10-12. 36. Semiconservative replication of DNA involves a. each of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand. b. only one of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand. c. the complete separation of the original strands, the synthesis of new strands and the reassembly of double-stranded molecules. d. the use of the original double-stranded molecule as a template, without unwinding. e. none of the above. 37. The feature of the Watson-Crick model of DNA structure that explains its ability to function in replication is a. that each strand contains all the information present in the double helix. b. the structural and functional similarities of DNA and RNA. c. that the double helix is right-handed and not left-handed. d. that DNA replication does not require enzymes. e. the fact that the nitrogen bases are exposed on the outside of the molecule. 38. Which of the following are NOT involved in the DNA replication process? a. DNA helicase b. DNA ligase c. RNA polymerase d. DNA polymerase e. All of the above are involved. 39. During which part of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? a. Mitosis b. Meiosis c. Interphase d. Cytokinesis e. All of the above 40. If cytosine makes up 22% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism, then adenine would make up what percent of the bases? a. 22 b. 44 c. 28 d. 56 e. It cannot be determined with the information given 41. Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? a. a nitrogen base and a phosphate group b. a nitrogen base and a five-carbon sugar c. a nitrogen base, a phosphate group and a five-carbon sugar d. a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a purine e. a pyrimidine, a purine and a five-carbon sugar 42. It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in its a. sequence of bases b. phosphate-sugar backbone c. complementary base pairing d. side groups of nitrogenous bases e. different five-carbon sugars 43. In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA to see which bases are equivalent in concentration, which of the following would be true? a. A = C b. A = G and C = T c. A + C = G + T d. A + T = C + G e. Both b and c are correct 44. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is useful in: a. Analyzing a person's fingerprints b. Cutting DNA into many small pieces c. Allowing restriction enzymes to cut DNA at palindromes d. Creating recombinant plasmids e. Making many copies of a small amount of DNA 45. In Griffith's experiments, what happened when heat-killed S strain pneumococcus were injected into a mouse along with live R strain pneumococcus? a. DNA from the live R was taken up by the heat-killed S, converting them to R and killing the mouse. b. DNA from the heat-killed S was taken up by the live R, converting them to S and killing the mouse. c. Proteins released from the heat-killed S killed the mouse. d. RNA from the heat-killed S was translated into proteins that killed the mouse. e. Nothing. 46. For the DNA sequence GCCTAT in one polynucleotide chain, the sequence found in the other polynucleotide chain is: a. CGGATA b. GCCATA c. CGGAUA d. ATTCGC e. GCCTAT 47. The process of converting the "message" of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids is called: a. Translation b. Transcription c. Activation d. Replication e. Repression 48. Heart, nerve cells and skin cells owe their differences in structure and function to: a. having different genes b. having different chromosomes c. using different genetic codes d. expressing different genes 49. A part of a mRNA molecule with the following sequence (5¨-CCG ACG-3¨) is being translated by a ribosome. The following activated tRNA molecules are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form tRNA anticodon Amino acid GGC proline CGU alanine UGC threonine CCG glycine ACG cysteine CGG alanine The dipeptide that will form will be a. cysteine-alanine b. proline-threonine c. glycine-cysteine d. alanine-alanine e. threonine-glycine 50. A type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid is: a. Messenger RNA b. Ribosomal RNA c. Transfer RNA d. Nuclear RNA e. Cytoplasmic RNA