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Neuroimaging WPA Basic Principles of Brain Imaging • Some technique is used to measure a signal in the brain (e.g., the degree to which an xray beam is attenuated in CT) • Brain is broken down into a grid of cubes (voxels, or volume elements • The voxels are converted to pixels (picture elements) so that the brain images can be visualized • High speed computers are used to generate the images WPA Structural Imaging Tools • Computer Tomography (CT): now largely surpassed • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), also referred to as structural MR (sMR): used to measure brain anatomy • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI): used to measure white matter tracts WPA Three Types of MR Images T2 PD T1 WPA A Brain Disease: CT scans showing ventricular enlargement in a patient with schizophrenia WPA Consistent Replication: CT Studies of Schizophrenia WPA MR Images of Brain, Ventricles, and Hippocampus Schizophrenia Control WPA Multimodal MR Imaging T2 PD T1 WPA Automated Tissue Classification WPA Classified Images Continuous Discrete WPA