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Neuroimaging
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Basic Principles of Brain
Imaging
• Some technique is used to measure a
signal in the brain (e.g., the degree to
which an xray beam is attenuated in CT)
• Brain is broken down into a grid of cubes
(voxels, or volume elements
• The voxels are converted to pixels (picture
elements) so that the brain images can be
visualized
• High speed computers are used to
generate the images
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Structural Imaging Tools
• Computer Tomography (CT): now
largely surpassed
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI), also referred to as
structural MR (sMR): used to
measure brain anatomy
• Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI):
used to measure white matter
tracts
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Three Types of MR
Images
T2
PD
T1
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A Brain
Disease:
CT scans
showing
ventricular
enlargement in a
patient with
schizophrenia
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Consistent Replication: CT
Studies of Schizophrenia
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MR Images of Brain,
Ventricles, and Hippocampus
Schizophrenia
Control
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Multimodal MR Imaging
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PD
T1
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Automated Tissue
Classification
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Classified Images
Continuous
Discrete
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