Download pH - Elmwood Park Public Schools

Organelles are a lot
like “mini-organs”.
They all have jobs, and
they all work together
to keep the cell alive
and functioning
properly, just like the
organs in your body.
Animal cells and Plant cells have some organelles in common, and
some that are different. We are going to start with the ones they
have in common.
THE NUCLEUS
• Contains the DNA for the cell
• Things move in and out of the
nucleus through small holes in
the nuclear membrane.
• The membrane surrounding
the nucleus is called the
“nuclear envelope”.
• The Nucleolus is in the center
of the nucleus, and house the
components that make up
Ribosomes.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• The ER are like mini factories inside
the cell.
•2 types: Smooth and Rough
• Smooth ER builds all types of
molecules, like lipids and other
things the cell needs
• Rough ER has Ribosomes on the
outside of it, and package the
proteins ribosomes make for
transport.
• ER has many folds that help
increase surface area.
RIBOSOMES
Ribosomes make proteins. They can be found on the outside
of the Rough ER, and in the Cytoplasm.
GOLGI APPARATUS
The Golgi Apparatus takes all
the things made by the ER,
modifies them, organizes them,
and then packages them in
vesicles, so they can be shipped
off to wherever they are needed
in the cell or in the body.
MITOCHONDRIA
IT’S
BIGGER
ON
THE
INSIDE!
WHAT KIND OF MICROSCOPE TOOK THIS PICTURE? 
MITOCHONDRIA
• Breaks down molecules
to create energy in the
form of ATP
• This is called
“cellular respiration”
• The inner-folds
create more surface
area. This allows
the mitochondria to
make more ATP
• It is known as the
“powerhouse” of the cell
WHERE IN THE BODY WOULD YOU
EXPECT TO FIND CELLS WITH LOTS OF
MITOCHONDRIA IN THEM??
CYTOPLASM
The Cytoplasm is
the jello-like
substance that
everything inside
the cell “floats” in.
It is the medium
that everything
moves through.
THE CYTOSKELETON
• A support
system of proteins that provide structure for the cell,
and a way for organelles to move around
• Made up of MICROTUBULES and MICROFILAMENTS.
THE CYTOSKELETON
• MICROTUBULES
are hollow, tube-like protein structures that help
give the cell shape, and provide a guide for organelles to move along,
like railroad tracks.
•MICROFILAMENTS are smaller, solid rods that help the cell move.
ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLES
LYSOSOMES
•A
membrane filled with
digestive enzymes
• Responsible for breaking
things down
CILIA AND FLAGELLA
• Flagella are whip-like in shape
• Made of microtubules
• Used by the cell to move around
#tbt #selfie
• Cilia are very small
• Usually lots of them on a cell
• Made of microtubules
• Used to move the cell around
• Moves the cell slower than flagella do
PLANT CELL ORGANELLES
VACUOLES
• Vacuoles are simple, membranebound sacs
• Different vacuoles serve different
purposes
• Most plant cells have a large central
vacuole that stores salts and other
chemicals.
• Vacuoles store things for the cell, like
storage bins, or garbage bags.
How can the cell
use the central
vacuole to regulate
cell size??
CHLOROPLASTS
Chloroplasts harness
the light from the sun
to produce sugars for
energy via
photosynthesis.
Organelles work together to accomplish multiple goals,
and keep the cell alive. Compare the environment inside
the cell to something you are familiar with in real life.