Download Cells - Overall Creek Elementary

Cells
Plant & Animal Cells
What are cells?

Cells are the basic units that make up living things
Cell Theory

ALL living things are made of one or more cells

The cell is the smallest unit of a living organism

Cells come from other cells
How do we know?

1665 Robert Hooke used a microscope to study thin slices of cork. He observed
thin, boxy sections that he called cells.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe living cells.
Two Types of Cells
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
The Parts of a Cell


organelles These
Cells contain even smaller structures called _______________.
structures perform specific functions in the cell.
Plant and animal cells have many of the same organelles, but some are quite
different.
The Nucleus
•
The control center-directs
the activities of the cell
•
Stores DNA
Cell Membrane
•
The gate keeper-Thin,
flexible covering that
surrounds all types of cells.
•
Allows food, water, and gases
to enter the cell.
•
Also, allows wastes to leave
Cell Wall
•
ONLY in Plant Cells
•
Rigid outer layer that
surrounds the cell
membrane.
•
Protects the cell and helps
the plant stand upright.
Cytoplasm
•
Thick, gooey fluid.
•
All remaining organelles are
located within the
cytoplasm.
Ribosomes
•
Tiny structure scattered
throughout the cell
•
Assemble compounds called
proteins, which allow the
cell to perform nearly all
chemical reactions
Lysosomes
•
•
Small, ball shaped organelles
that help the cell break down
nutrients
plant cells
Very rare in _______
Vacuoles
•
Membrane-bound sacs filled
with fluid
•
Store water, food, waste, and
other substances the cell
processes.
•
Animal= many small
•
Plant= one large (if many cells
lose water the plant will wilt)
Golgi apparatus
•
Receives protein then
processes them for
“shipment” outside the cell.
•
Repairs proteins and
protects them from being
broken apart.
Chloroplast
•
ONLY in plant cells
•
Uses energy to make its’
own food through
photosynthesis
________________
•
The pigment
chlorophyll
______________
gives plants
their green color.
Mitochondria
•
Large, peanut-shaped
organelles
•
“Power house” of the cell
•
Breaks down sugars as they
react with oxygen. Releases
carbon dioxide, water, and a
lot of energy.
•
The more energy needed,
the more mitochondria are
present (Ex: muscle cell)
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
•
•
•
System of membranes and
tubes.
Creates passages for material
to pass
Two types:
• Rough-dotted with
ribosomes (common in cells
that secrete a lot of protein)
•
Smooth- not covered with
ribosomes (breaks down
toxic substances and controls
the levels of certain
chemicals)
Turn & Talk with your neighbor
 How
would you determine whether a
cell came from an animal or a plant?