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Download Chem 431C Lecture 10a Test 2 grade distribution Chapter 28
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12/5/09 Test 2 grade distribution Chem 431C Lecture 10a Today: a) Quiz 7 (on Chapt 27) b) Principles of gene regulation (Ch28) c) Deadline for Ch 27 online quiz tonight (note: Quiz 8 on Fri. (Ch. 28)) Chapter 28: Regulation of Gene Expression: 7 processes are involved Average=63/90 6 5 4 3 Series1 Series2 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Types of genes Terms to know: House keeping genes and Constitutive gene expression Inducible genes and regulated gene expression Repressible genes and repression Housekeeping genes’ basal rate depends on closeness to consensus sequence. Range in factor: 1-1000 Regulatory proteins Nomenclature Promoter = DNA sequence enabling a gene to be transcribed. Promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase. Operator = DNA segment that a regulatory protein binds to. Usually segment between promoter and the genes of the operon. A regulatory protein can be a repressor or activator or selectivity factor. Operon contains one or more structural genes transcribed into one polycistronic mRNA: a single mRNA molecule that codes for more than one protein. 3 types: a) Specificity factors - alter spec. of RNAP for promoter b) Repressors - bind to operator (near promoter) c) Activators - enhance RNA P-promotoer interaction 1 12/5/09 Patterns of regulation: (-) & (+) Operon=polycistronic gene clusters Genes are transcribed together as a unit, a single transcript Bacterial growth behavior in glucose and lactose. Lac operon Glucose is depleted Lactose metabolism Lac Repressor binding to DNA 2 12/5/09 Lac Repressor binding to DNA Lac operon subject to + & - regulat’n. (-)Regulation: Absence of lactose allows repressor to bind (+) Regul’n: when both glucose and lactose are present, “catabolite repression” restricts expression of genes for other monosacch.other than glucose. (through CRP) CRP (cyclic AMP Receptor Protein) CRP-cAMP binds near promoter to enhance transcription 50 fold. Repressor without IPTG (like allolactose) Catabolite repression of lac op. cAMP Receptor Protein (CRP or CAP) Homodimer cAMP 3