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PSY 456 Summer 2008 Midterm 4 Name________________ Multiple choice questions, 2 pts each 1. A. B. C. D. The insular cortex is the first primary cortical processing area for taste is the last area to receive taste information during the gustation process processes information about the localization of painful stimuli A&C 2. The sensory receptor neurons for the olfactory system are unusual in that they are the only neurons we have that undergo continuous neurogenesis throughout our lifespan. What is the life expectancy of an olfactory sensory neuron? A. 7 – 10 days B. about 21 days C. 6 – 8 weeks D. 6 months 3. The odorant-binding olfactory receptor proteins, found on the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons, are what type of receptor proteins? A. ion channels B. G-protein coupled receptors C. metabotropic acetylcholine receptors D. ionotropic receptors 4. If the axons from the olfactory sensory neurons are sheared off during a head injury, what factor(s) will determine whether or not the sense of smell will be restored? A. whether or not the basal cells were destroyed B. whether or not the cribriform plate is covered with scar tissue C. whether or not the supporting cells were destroyed D. A & B 5. Which of the sensory systems discussed in class is unusual because the incoming sensory information does not make a synapse in the thalamus, and also remains predominantly ipsilateral in the central nervous system? A. gustatory system B. olfactory system C. somatosensory system D. vestibular system 6. What makes taste receptor cells different from all other primary sensory receptor cells? A. they are replaced throughout our lifespan B. they are neurons that don't have axons C. they are not neurons, but are of epithelial cell origin D. they are free nerve endings with no myelin 7. _______-tasting molecules are brought directly into taste receptor cells, whereas _______-tasting molecules make contact with receptor molecules on cell membranes, but don’t actually enter the cells. A. Sweet; sour B. Sour; salty C. Bitter; sweet D. Salty; bitter 8. A. B. C. D. The "flavor" cortex is located where in the human brain? the insula occipital lobe piriform cortex orbitofrontal cortex 9. Information from which sensory modalities are combined in the "flavor" cortex to give us our perception of the flavor of our food? A. gustatory & olfactory information B. texture & temperature information C. visual information D. information from the common chemical sense, plus all of the above E. A, B & C only 10. Linda Bartoshuk coined the term "supertaster" to describe people who find the taste of PROP paper to be extremely A. bitter B. salty C. sour D. sweet 11. Which of the following foods or beverages are supertasters not likely to eat or drink? A. alcoholic beverages B. broccoli & cabbage C. grapefruit juice D. all of the above 12. How does the tongue of a supertaster differ from the tongue of a non-taster? A. supertasters have more foliate papillae on their tongues than non-tasters do B. non-tasters have no fungiform papillae on the tongue, supertasters have them C. supertasters have many more fungiform papillae on the tongue than nontasters do D. non-tasters have tiny taste buds on their tongues, supertasters have very large taste buds on the tongue 13. Which of the basic taste modalities is missing in the cat? Is it missing in all cats studied, or just in domestic cats? A. bitter is missing in all cats studied B. sour is missing in domestic cats only C. sweet is missing in all cats studied D. salty is missing in domestic cats only (3 pts) What distinguishes a real synesthete from someone who sees colors while hearing music during an LSD trip? (4 pts) What theory does Ramachandran propose to explain graphemecolor synesthesia? (3 pts) What is a pseudogene? What two examples of pseudogenes did we discuss in class? (3 pts) List 3 ways in which olfactory sensory neurons are unique. (4 pts) Is it commonly believed among the chemical senses community that humans communicate using pheromones? What is the most convincing evidence presented in lecture that humans are susceptible to pheromonal signaling? (4 pts) What are two examples of the common chemical sense combining with olfaction to contribute to our sense of smell, and what are two other examples of the common chemical sense combining with our sense of taste? (I'm looking for specific types of odors or foods or drinks here) (3 pts) What anatomical evidence supports the idea of the Proust Phenomenon? EXTRA CREDIT (up to 2 pts) What is the retronasal pathway? What happens there?