* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Slide ()
Neural oscillation wikipedia , lookup
Time perception wikipedia , lookup
Action potential wikipedia , lookup
Neural coding wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Axon guidance wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Multielectrode array wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Animal echolocation wikipedia , lookup
Electrophysiology wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Evoked potential wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Sensory cue wikipedia , lookup
Neuroanatomy wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Perception of infrasound wikipedia , lookup
Interaural time differences localize sound sources in the horizontal plane. A. When a sound, such as a pure tone, arises from the right, the right ear detects the sound earlier than the left ear. The difference in the time of arrival at the two ears is the interaural time delay (ITD). Cochlear nerve fibers and their bushy cell targets fire in phase with changes in sound pressure. Although individual neurons sometimes skip cycles, the population of bushy cells encodes the timing of low-frequency sounds and its frequency with every cycle. Comparison of the timing of action potentials of bushy cells at the two sides reveals the ITDs (slanted black lines). B. InterauralSource: time differences canCentral be detected withSystem, delay lines. If axons have Science, systematically differing lengths, their action potentials reach the nearest The Auditory Nervous Principles of Neural Fifth Editon terminals before they reach the farthest ones. An array of neurons that detects coincident inputs from delay lines can produce a map of ITDs. When Citation: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon; 2012 Available sounds come from the right, action potentials from the right ear must be delayed to compensate for the fact that they arrive earlier than those from the left at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 02, 2017 and to allow the signals from right and left to coincide at one side of the array (mustard-colored cell). Such an arrangement of delay lines has been found Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved in the nucleus laminaris of the barn owl, the homolog of the medial superior olivary nucleus.