
Effects of Residual Inhibition Phenomenon on Early Auditory Evoked
... “stays” in the peripheral auditory system, but under the dependency of other molecular pathways, (2) by passing time, tinnitus progressively recruits several anatomical structures in auditory (the peripheral and central auditory systems) and non-auditory (the limbic system and higher order brain str ...
... “stays” in the peripheral auditory system, but under the dependency of other molecular pathways, (2) by passing time, tinnitus progressively recruits several anatomical structures in auditory (the peripheral and central auditory systems) and non-auditory (the limbic system and higher order brain str ...
Auditory Imagery: Empirical Findings
... acuity of auditory images. Participants were presented with ascending diatonic tone sequences and judged whether the final note was (a) in tune or out of tune or (b) on time or not on time. In the perception condition (referred to by Janata & Paroo, 2006, as attentional cueing), participants heard e ...
... acuity of auditory images. Participants were presented with ascending diatonic tone sequences and judged whether the final note was (a) in tune or out of tune or (b) on time or not on time. In the perception condition (referred to by Janata & Paroo, 2006, as attentional cueing), participants heard e ...
2017
... year’s meeting includes a record 1096 submitted abstracts, 13 symposia and 23 podium sessions. In addition, there will be daily mentoring sessions (Saturday, Sunday, Monday, 4:00pm -5:00pm and Tuesday, 12:15-1:30 pm) and workshops aimed at providing new investigators with valuable tools for career s ...
... year’s meeting includes a record 1096 submitted abstracts, 13 symposia and 23 podium sessions. In addition, there will be daily mentoring sessions (Saturday, Sunday, Monday, 4:00pm -5:00pm and Tuesday, 12:15-1:30 pm) and workshops aimed at providing new investigators with valuable tools for career s ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... However, the overall size of the LGN was reduced, suggesting that there may be increased cell death of LGN neurons in the absence of subplate neurons. To examine whether subplate neurons beneath other neocortical areas play a similar role in the formation of thalamocortical connections, subplate neu ...
... However, the overall size of the LGN was reduced, suggesting that there may be increased cell death of LGN neurons in the absence of subplate neurons. To examine whether subplate neurons beneath other neocortical areas play a similar role in the formation of thalamocortical connections, subplate neu ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... (third waveform in fig. 1). Lavikainen et al. [1995] found two sources for the magnetic N1 response to such a change in frequency and suggested that these represented the normal N1 and an MMN, with the MMN occurring earlier than it would have if the frequency change had been part of a separate devia ...
... (third waveform in fig. 1). Lavikainen et al. [1995] found two sources for the magnetic N1 response to such a change in frequency and suggested that these represented the normal N1 and an MMN, with the MMN occurring earlier than it would have if the frequency change had been part of a separate devia ...
Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... The microelectrode was attached perpendicular to the electrode holder of a pulse motor microdrive manipulator (MO-81, Narishige). After determination of the AP and ML stereotaxic coordinates using the guide cannula as a reference, the electrode was placed over a target structure. The exposed brain s ...
... The microelectrode was attached perpendicular to the electrode holder of a pulse motor microdrive manipulator (MO-81, Narishige). After determination of the AP and ML stereotaxic coordinates using the guide cannula as a reference, the electrode was placed over a target structure. The exposed brain s ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... onto neighboring parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing interneurons. Inhibitory connections from these two populations of interneurons are also much stronger onto corticoamygdala neurons. Consequently, BLA inputs are able to drive robust feedforward inhibition via two parallel interneuron pathways ...
... onto neighboring parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing interneurons. Inhibitory connections from these two populations of interneurons are also much stronger onto corticoamygdala neurons. Consequently, BLA inputs are able to drive robust feedforward inhibition via two parallel interneuron pathways ...
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are
... integral to the regulation of feeding, such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens (Schwartz, 2000; Broberger and Hokfelt, 2001). The medial NTS, in which NTS POMC neurons are concentrated, contains highly fenestrated endothelial cells providing a permeant blood– brain barrier (Gross e ...
... integral to the regulation of feeding, such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens (Schwartz, 2000; Broberger and Hokfelt, 2001). The medial NTS, in which NTS POMC neurons are concentrated, contains highly fenestrated endothelial cells providing a permeant blood– brain barrier (Gross e ...
Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... various phenomena, including attention and acquisition of sensory information. Two types of HPC (types I and II) exist based on pharmacological, behavioral, and electrophysiological characteristics. Both types occur during locomotion, whereas only type II (atropine-sensitive) is present under ureth ...
... various phenomena, including attention and acquisition of sensory information. Two types of HPC (types I and II) exist based on pharmacological, behavioral, and electrophysiological characteristics. Both types occur during locomotion, whereas only type II (atropine-sensitive) is present under ureth ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... probe was inserted through a hole drilled in the wall of the bony external meatus, opposite the tympanum. The gap around the hole was sealed before calibrations were performed. With this method of calibration, it was not possible to maintain a constant intensity while testing a neuron at different f ...
... probe was inserted through a hole drilled in the wall of the bony external meatus, opposite the tympanum. The gap around the hole was sealed before calibrations were performed. With this method of calibration, it was not possible to maintain a constant intensity while testing a neuron at different f ...
Response Properties of Neighboring Neurons in the
... electrodes; if, however, the error rates are high, then we will know that tetrodes not only improve our ability to separate and cluster action potential waveforms, but the added spatial information is necessary to avoid classification errors when sorting multi-unit information. In the second chapter ...
... electrodes; if, however, the error rates are high, then we will know that tetrodes not only improve our ability to separate and cluster action potential waveforms, but the added spatial information is necessary to avoid classification errors when sorting multi-unit information. In the second chapter ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... modulates excitatory neurotransmission through PI3-kinase activated KATP channels; and (3) resveratrol did not alter membrane potential and input resistance, implying presynaptic mechanism of action. The increasing prevalence of diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome results in a need to identify ...
... modulates excitatory neurotransmission through PI3-kinase activated KATP channels; and (3) resveratrol did not alter membrane potential and input resistance, implying presynaptic mechanism of action. The increasing prevalence of diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome results in a need to identify ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... Pyramidal neurons in the subiculum typically display either bursting or regular-spiking behaviour. Although this classification into two neuronal classes is well described, it is unknown how these two classes of neurons contribute to the integration of input to the subiculum. Here, we report that bu ...
... Pyramidal neurons in the subiculum typically display either bursting or regular-spiking behaviour. Although this classification into two neuronal classes is well described, it is unknown how these two classes of neurons contribute to the integration of input to the subiculum. Here, we report that bu ...
Transitional Probabilities Are Prioritized over Stimulus/Pattern
... reversal (H-L-H), or (3) first-tone deviants (H-H-L). No MMN can be expected for either of the deviants if MMN was elicited by low-probability tones because none of the deviants include sounds that would not also appear with at least 0.33 probability in the standard triplet. However, previous studie ...
... reversal (H-L-H), or (3) first-tone deviants (H-H-L). No MMN can be expected for either of the deviants if MMN was elicited by low-probability tones because none of the deviants include sounds that would not also appear with at least 0.33 probability in the standard triplet. However, previous studie ...
The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge
... auditory afferents with PADs and the postsynaptic inhibition of an identified auditory interneuron with IPSPs. This twofold inhibition reduces the auditory response to self-generated sounds and protects the cricket_s auditory pathway from desensitization during sound production, allowing it to remai ...
... auditory afferents with PADs and the postsynaptic inhibition of an identified auditory interneuron with IPSPs. This twofold inhibition reduces the auditory response to self-generated sounds and protects the cricket_s auditory pathway from desensitization during sound production, allowing it to remai ...
2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... increasingly activated by repeated heating (14,17) and intriguingly, shows different sensitivity to the direction of temperature change, resulting in an hysteresis across thermal activation-deactivation cycles (17) that is similar to the thermosensitive responses exhibited by primary warm afferent f ...
... increasingly activated by repeated heating (14,17) and intriguingly, shows different sensitivity to the direction of temperature change, resulting in an hysteresis across thermal activation-deactivation cycles (17) that is similar to the thermosensitive responses exhibited by primary warm afferent f ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... 1. Introduction 1.1 Different frequency band oscillations in brain regions Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by int ...
... 1. Introduction 1.1 Different frequency band oscillations in brain regions Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by int ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... remaining afferents to the deafferented brain area is a way to compensate for the loss of excitatory drive. Sprouting can come from the perilesional area, ipsilateral subcortical or cortical areas, and/or contralateral areas. Chronic peripheral nerve injuries can cause central somatosensory neurons ...
... remaining afferents to the deafferented brain area is a way to compensate for the loss of excitatory drive. Sprouting can come from the perilesional area, ipsilateral subcortical or cortical areas, and/or contralateral areas. Chronic peripheral nerve injuries can cause central somatosensory neurons ...
Control of echolocation pulses by neurons of the nucleus ambiguus
... known to be part of the 'descending vocalization pathway' (Jfirgens and Pratt 1979), whereas the parabrachial nuclei and parts of the nucleus of the solitary tract are involved in the generation of respiratory rhythm (von Euler 1983). In horseshoe bats, for which a direct control of vocalized freque ...
... known to be part of the 'descending vocalization pathway' (Jfirgens and Pratt 1979), whereas the parabrachial nuclei and parts of the nucleus of the solitary tract are involved in the generation of respiratory rhythm (von Euler 1983). In horseshoe bats, for which a direct control of vocalized freque ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... the Boston experiments, we specify the SPL that a free-field stimulus would have at the center of the cat’s head in the absence of the animal. Responses to VS stimuli were studied for free-field SPLs ranging from 20 to 60 dB in these experiments, with 65% of the measurements made at SPLs of $40 dB. ...
... the Boston experiments, we specify the SPL that a free-field stimulus would have at the center of the cat’s head in the absence of the animal. Responses to VS stimuli were studied for free-field SPLs ranging from 20 to 60 dB in these experiments, with 65% of the measurements made at SPLs of $40 dB. ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... quantitative differences in their regional distribution in the prefrontal cortices (Dombrowski et al., 2001), which are connected with superior temporal cortices (for review see Barbas, 1992). Regional variations in distinct types of interneurons have also been noted in some sensory and other associ ...
... quantitative differences in their regional distribution in the prefrontal cortices (Dombrowski et al., 2001), which are connected with superior temporal cortices (for review see Barbas, 1992). Regional variations in distinct types of interneurons have also been noted in some sensory and other associ ...
Axonal Dopamine Receptors Activate Peripheral Spike
... Dopamine elicited tonic “extraburst” spiking in PD neurons and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a ...
... Dopamine elicited tonic “extraburst” spiking in PD neurons and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... 2.3.2 Terminations of LOC Fibers Both groups of OC neurons have fibers that branch extensively in the cochlea (Fig. 2.3). The end result of the branching is that a relatively small number of OC neurons gives rise to numerous synapses in the cochlea. LOC fibers synapse mainly on dendrites of auditor ...
... 2.3.2 Terminations of LOC Fibers Both groups of OC neurons have fibers that branch extensively in the cochlea (Fig. 2.3). The end result of the branching is that a relatively small number of OC neurons gives rise to numerous synapses in the cochlea. LOC fibers synapse mainly on dendrites of auditor ...
The medial geniculate, not the amygdala, as the root of auditory fear
... nociceptive information to the LA .” (p. 966) [All quotations are exact; authors sometimes use “LA” rather than “AL” to refer to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala.] 3.3. Experimental support for the AMYG model The AMYG model has been presented in numerous reviews (e.g., Fanselow and LeDoux, 1999; ...
... nociceptive information to the LA .” (p. 966) [All quotations are exact; authors sometimes use “LA” rather than “AL” to refer to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala.] 3.3. Experimental support for the AMYG model The AMYG model has been presented in numerous reviews (e.g., Fanselow and LeDoux, 1999; ...
Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals. Echolocating animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to locate and identify the objects. Echolocation is used for navigation and for foraging (or hunting) in various environments. Some blind humans have learned to find their way using clicks produced by a device or by mouth.Echolocating animals include some mammals and a few birds; most notably microchiropteran bats and odontocetes (toothed whales and dolphins), but also in simpler form in other groups such as shrews, one genus of megachiropteran bats (Rousettus) and two cave dwelling bird groups, the so-called cave swiftlets in the genus Aerodramus (formerly Collocalia) and the unrelated Oilbird Steatornis caripensis.