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... The rat auditory cortex is divided anatomically into several areas, but little is known about the functional differences in information processing between these areas. To determine the filter properties of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple ...
... The rat auditory cortex is divided anatomically into several areas, but little is known about the functional differences in information processing between these areas. To determine the filter properties of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple ...
Human frequency-following response: representation of pitch
... window) were obtained for each of the grand averaged FFRs to determine the spectral composition and magnitude of the phase-locked neural activity (see Fig. 5). Grand averaged FFR for each stimulus was derived by averaging the FFRs obtained from each of the 13 subjects. (2) The ability of the FFR to ...
... window) were obtained for each of the grand averaged FFRs to determine the spectral composition and magnitude of the phase-locked neural activity (see Fig. 5). Grand averaged FFR for each stimulus was derived by averaging the FFRs obtained from each of the 13 subjects. (2) The ability of the FFR to ...
A Neuronal Model of Predictive Coding Accounting for the
... remain debated. We propose here a detailed neuronal model of auditory cortex, based on predictive coding, that accounts for the critical features of MMN. The model is entirely composed of spiking excitatory and inhibitory neurons interconnected in a layered cortical architecture with distinct input, ...
... remain debated. We propose here a detailed neuronal model of auditory cortex, based on predictive coding, that accounts for the critical features of MMN. The model is entirely composed of spiking excitatory and inhibitory neurons interconnected in a layered cortical architecture with distinct input, ...
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... The current study relies on comprehensive, high-density sampling of entire isofrequency bands within primary auditory cortex of single animals, without pooling data across subjects. Mapping the temporal gyrus samples a limited range of CF values but captures the full variability of responses over a ...
... The current study relies on comprehensive, high-density sampling of entire isofrequency bands within primary auditory cortex of single animals, without pooling data across subjects. Mapping the temporal gyrus samples a limited range of CF values but captures the full variability of responses over a ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... and with up to a few hundred neurons, they are orders of magnitude smaller than those of most vertebrates. Nevertheless, these systems are capable of astounding computations. Some grasshoppers, for instance, detect gaps in conspecific songs as short as 1–2 msec (von Helversen, 1972), a performance l ...
... and with up to a few hundred neurons, they are orders of magnitude smaller than those of most vertebrates. Nevertheless, these systems are capable of astounding computations. Some grasshoppers, for instance, detect gaps in conspecific songs as short as 1–2 msec (von Helversen, 1972), a performance l ...
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... about how specific features of behaviorally important stimuli direct cortical reorganization. In this study, we employ a powerful technique that mimics learning-induced plasticity to document how simple alterations of the sensory input produce substantially different forms of cortical plasticity (Ju ...
... about how specific features of behaviorally important stimuli direct cortical reorganization. In this study, we employ a powerful technique that mimics learning-induced plasticity to document how simple alterations of the sensory input produce substantially different forms of cortical plasticity (Ju ...
Development of Structure and Sensitivity of the Fish Inner Ear
... The otic placode, one of several dorsolateral placodes, is an epithelial thickening of the ectoderm near the middle of the developing hindbrain (Nelsen 1953; Kelly and Corwin 1992). The hindbrain develops from the neural tube and has a complex series of rhombomeres or bulges that have differential g ...
... The otic placode, one of several dorsolateral placodes, is an epithelial thickening of the ectoderm near the middle of the developing hindbrain (Nelsen 1953; Kelly and Corwin 1992). The hindbrain develops from the neural tube and has a complex series of rhombomeres or bulges that have differential g ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... localization of sound in space (Masterton and Imig, 1984). The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) converts the welltimed excitatory input from the VCN on one side of the head to an inhibitory projection to the lateral superior olive (LSO) (Harnischfeger et al., 1985). In the LSO, the inhibi ...
... localization of sound in space (Masterton and Imig, 1984). The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) converts the welltimed excitatory input from the VCN on one side of the head to an inhibitory projection to the lateral superior olive (LSO) (Harnischfeger et al., 1985). In the LSO, the inhibi ...
Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurons in
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
Central projections of auditory receptor neurons of crickets
... that, for this restricted set of receptor neurons, the projection to the mVAC is indeed tonotopic along the M-L axis, with receptors that are tuned to higher frequencies terminating more laterally (n ⫽ 29, r2 ⫽ 0.252, P ⫽ 0.005). Although statistically significant, the magnitude of the difference in ...
... that, for this restricted set of receptor neurons, the projection to the mVAC is indeed tonotopic along the M-L axis, with receptors that are tuned to higher frequencies terminating more laterally (n ⫽ 29, r2 ⫽ 0.252, P ⫽ 0.005). Although statistically significant, the magnitude of the difference in ...
Zwicker Tone Illusion and Noise Reduction in the Auditory System
... Zwicker [1] discovered an intriguing auditory aftereffect in 1964, now called the Zwicker tone. The typical sound generating it is a broadband noise containing a spectral gap, which is presented for several seconds. After the noise has been switched off, a faint, almost pure, tone is audible for 1 u ...
... Zwicker [1] discovered an intriguing auditory aftereffect in 1964, now called the Zwicker tone. The typical sound generating it is a broadband noise containing a spectral gap, which is presented for several seconds. After the noise has been switched off, a faint, almost pure, tone is audible for 1 u ...
Corticofugal modulation of functional connectivity within the auditory
... were performed with multielectrode devices constructed at the Institute of Physiology of the University of Lausanne (Fig. 1), which are now available commercially (Alpha Omega Engineering, Nazareth, Israel). In these devices four microelectrodes are independently controlled. According to the experim ...
... were performed with multielectrode devices constructed at the Institute of Physiology of the University of Lausanne (Fig. 1), which are now available commercially (Alpha Omega Engineering, Nazareth, Israel). In these devices four microelectrodes are independently controlled. According to the experim ...
Purves chs. 12, 13 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... In physical terms, sound refers to pressure waves generated by vibrating air molecules (somewhat confusingly, sound is used more casually to refer to an auditory percept). Sound waves are much like the ripples that radiate outward when a rock is thrown in a pool of water. However, instead of occurri ...
... In physical terms, sound refers to pressure waves generated by vibrating air molecules (somewhat confusingly, sound is used more casually to refer to an auditory percept). Sound waves are much like the ripples that radiate outward when a rock is thrown in a pool of water. However, instead of occurri ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... exposed to a 5- or 35-kHz sound stimulus through a speaker (SRS3050A; Stax) placed above the cage. The exposure sound consisted of an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. ...
... exposed to a 5- or 35-kHz sound stimulus through a speaker (SRS3050A; Stax) placed above the cage. The exposure sound consisted of an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. ...
Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and
... (Schuller 1997), positioned in the ear contralateral to the recording electrode, or a midline freefield speaker (Infinity Emit B, Harman International Industries; Woodbury, NY). The frequency response of the custom-made earphone was flat ⫾6 dB from 10 to 120 kHz with harmonic distortions ⱖ34 dB belo ...
... (Schuller 1997), positioned in the ear contralateral to the recording electrode, or a midline freefield speaker (Infinity Emit B, Harman International Industries; Woodbury, NY). The frequency response of the custom-made earphone was flat ⫾6 dB from 10 to 120 kHz with harmonic distortions ⱖ34 dB belo ...
Target neuron prespecification in the olfactory map of Drosophila
... letters to nature model seems unlikely in both mice and Drosophila. We wanted to distinguish whether Drosophila projection neurons are speci®ed by virtue of their connection with ORNs (Fig. 1a) or are independently speci®ed (Fig. 1c). The MARCM (mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker) syste ...
... letters to nature model seems unlikely in both mice and Drosophila. We wanted to distinguish whether Drosophila projection neurons are speci®ed by virtue of their connection with ORNs (Fig. 1a) or are independently speci®ed (Fig. 1c). The MARCM (mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker) syste ...
PINP: A New Method of Tagging Neuronal Populations
... photostimulation (10 ms LED pulses) with white noise acoustic stimulation (35 ms duration, 70 dB) presented at 0.67 Hz. We searched for ChR2-expressing (and hence PV-expressing) neurons by slowly advancing a tungsten extracellular recording electrode through the auditory cortex until each light flas ...
... photostimulation (10 ms LED pulses) with white noise acoustic stimulation (35 ms duration, 70 dB) presented at 0.67 Hz. We searched for ChR2-expressing (and hence PV-expressing) neurons by slowly advancing a tungsten extracellular recording electrode through the auditory cortex until each light flas ...
Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas)
... the species in the wild, so that steps can be taken to conservation and protect these animals. This research increases understanding of belugas’ biology, physiology and disease and creates a baseline to better understand issues threatening belugas in oceans and rivers. Hearing and bioacoustics resea ...
... the species in the wild, so that steps can be taken to conservation and protect these animals. This research increases understanding of belugas’ biology, physiology and disease and creates a baseline to better understand issues threatening belugas in oceans and rivers. Hearing and bioacoustics resea ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... Key words: forward suppression, adaptation, spectrotemporal context, cortex, interneurons Abstract Cortical responses to repeated stimuli are highly dynamic and rapidly adaptive. Such rapid changes are prominent in all sensory cortices, across which many aspects of circuitry are conserved. As an exa ...
... Key words: forward suppression, adaptation, spectrotemporal context, cortex, interneurons Abstract Cortical responses to repeated stimuli are highly dynamic and rapidly adaptive. Such rapid changes are prominent in all sensory cortices, across which many aspects of circuitry are conserved. As an exa ...
Electrotherapeutics –Interferential Current
... Interference between the MFAC electrical fields hopefully occurs BUT the pure 3D Clover-Leaf IFC pattern is not realistic b/c of variations in impedance of tissue (different layers, hydration, location/orientation of nerve fibers, etc); IFC technology seems complex but from a pain control standpoint ...
... Interference between the MFAC electrical fields hopefully occurs BUT the pure 3D Clover-Leaf IFC pattern is not realistic b/c of variations in impedance of tissue (different layers, hydration, location/orientation of nerve fibers, etc); IFC technology seems complex but from a pain control standpoint ...
doc - UCA
... Interference between the MFAC electrical fields hopefully occurs BUT the pure 3D Clover-Leaf IFC pattern is not realistic b/c of variations in impedance of tissue (different layers, hydration, location/orientation of nerve fibers, etc); IFC technology seems complex but from a pain control standpoint ...
... Interference between the MFAC electrical fields hopefully occurs BUT the pure 3D Clover-Leaf IFC pattern is not realistic b/c of variations in impedance of tissue (different layers, hydration, location/orientation of nerve fibers, etc); IFC technology seems complex but from a pain control standpoint ...
segregation of stimulus phase and intensity coding in the cochlear
... (along some quantitative measure of phase locking such as vector strength) and reject any responses which fall below that level. These methods are artificial because some assumption must be made about what does or does not represent a level of information which is meaningful to the nervous system. E ...
... (along some quantitative measure of phase locking such as vector strength) and reject any responses which fall below that level. These methods are artificial because some assumption must be made about what does or does not represent a level of information which is meaningful to the nervous system. E ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... and timetables of the birthdates of neurons were constructed (Fig. 12-4). Neurons in layer VI have the earliest peak (EI5), and 37% of them are generated earlier than those throughout layers V-II. Neurons in layer II have the latest peak (EI8), and 36% of them are generated later than those througho ...
... and timetables of the birthdates of neurons were constructed (Fig. 12-4). Neurons in layer VI have the earliest peak (EI5), and 37% of them are generated earlier than those throughout layers V-II. Neurons in layer II have the latest peak (EI8), and 36% of them are generated later than those througho ...
Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals. Echolocating animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to locate and identify the objects. Echolocation is used for navigation and for foraging (or hunting) in various environments. Some blind humans have learned to find their way using clicks produced by a device or by mouth.Echolocating animals include some mammals and a few birds; most notably microchiropteran bats and odontocetes (toothed whales and dolphins), but also in simpler form in other groups such as shrews, one genus of megachiropteran bats (Rousettus) and two cave dwelling bird groups, the so-called cave swiftlets in the genus Aerodramus (formerly Collocalia) and the unrelated Oilbird Steatornis caripensis.