A Candidate Pathway for a Visual Instructional Signal to the Barn
... located within the circle marked by arrowheads; stained terminal structures are marked by the arrow. Giemsa counterstain; scale bar, 100 m. least 4 hr were allowed for transport. After fixation, brains and slices were sectioned on a cryostat at 60 m, and the biocytin was visualized with a heav y-m ...
... located within the circle marked by arrowheads; stained terminal structures are marked by the arrow. Giemsa counterstain; scale bar, 100 m. least 4 hr were allowed for transport. After fixation, brains and slices were sectioned on a cryostat at 60 m, and the biocytin was visualized with a heav y-m ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... choice task (Yin et al., 2001, 2005). As Weinberger has observed (1998) the fact that receptive Weld plasticity occurs in very diVerent tasks, and learning situations, suggests that “it is a general process of information storage and representation”. Each of these earlier studies measured changes in ...
... choice task (Yin et al., 2001, 2005). As Weinberger has observed (1998) the fact that receptive Weld plasticity occurs in very diVerent tasks, and learning situations, suggests that “it is a general process of information storage and representation”. Each of these earlier studies measured changes in ...
Hyperacusis—An increased sensitivity to everyday sounds
... Surprisingly, individuals with hyperacusis have little or no detectable hearing loss. In fact, hearing tests usually indicate normal hearing sensitivity and often register at minus decibel levels. Counter to what one might think, this does not mean that those with hyperacusis hear better than others ...
... Surprisingly, individuals with hyperacusis have little or no detectable hearing loss. In fact, hearing tests usually indicate normal hearing sensitivity and often register at minus decibel levels. Counter to what one might think, this does not mean that those with hyperacusis hear better than others ...
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
... of amplitude, dispersion of waveforms, and longer interpeak latencies. Thus, if stimulation rates exceed 10 Hz, a different set of normative values must be used. Click intensity can impact BAEP generation. With decreasing click intensity, absolute latencies are increased and amplitudes are diminishe ...
... of amplitude, dispersion of waveforms, and longer interpeak latencies. Thus, if stimulation rates exceed 10 Hz, a different set of normative values must be used. Click intensity can impact BAEP generation. With decreasing click intensity, absolute latencies are increased and amplitudes are diminishe ...
Five-dimensional neuroimaging: Localization of the time–frequency
... Ruhbðt ÞbT ðt Þi, where hi indicates the ensemble average over trials. When hbðt Þi ¼ 0, R is also equal to the sample covariance matrix. In practice, the covariance is estimated over a subset of latencies, t ≡ [t1, t2,…, tN], that represents samples from a desired time window of length N. Defining ...
... Ruhbðt ÞbT ðt Þi, where hi indicates the ensemble average over trials. When hbðt Þi ¼ 0, R is also equal to the sample covariance matrix. In practice, the covariance is estimated over a subset of latencies, t ≡ [t1, t2,…, tN], that represents samples from a desired time window of length N. Defining ...
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... To build a group of coincidence detector neurons tuned to periodic sounds with fundamental frequency f0, we consider the synchrony partition of the complex tone made of all harmonics of f0, i.e., tones of frequency k.f0. For each harmonic, we select all pairs of channels in our filter bank that sati ...
... To build a group of coincidence detector neurons tuned to periodic sounds with fundamental frequency f0, we consider the synchrony partition of the complex tone made of all harmonics of f0, i.e., tones of frequency k.f0. For each harmonic, we select all pairs of channels in our filter bank that sati ...
The dual-pathway model of auditory signal
... noise tracts sound localization; while lower part of IPL, posterior parts of middle and inferior frontal gyri were more activated bilaterally by sound localization than sound recognition. Passive listening to stimuli also yielded distinct activation patterns: MTG and posterior prefrontal cortex on b ...
... noise tracts sound localization; while lower part of IPL, posterior parts of middle and inferior frontal gyri were more activated bilaterally by sound localization than sound recognition. Passive listening to stimuli also yielded distinct activation patterns: MTG and posterior prefrontal cortex on b ...
Auditory Cortical Neurons are Sensitive to Static and Continuously
... delay (CD) for that neuron, and the y-intercept its characteristic phase. When ITD functions from a single cell obtained at different frequencies were plotted on a common time axis, they rarely showed an exact registration near their peaks or troughs; the CDs could be located anywhere along the spik ...
... delay (CD) for that neuron, and the y-intercept its characteristic phase. When ITD functions from a single cell obtained at different frequencies were plotted on a common time axis, they rarely showed an exact registration near their peaks or troughs; the CDs could be located anywhere along the spik ...
A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses
... sizes could sustain acute-immunizing infections. Additionally, there are some traits that may make bats more likely to host zoonotic viruses in particular and/or transmit them to humans. In evolutionary terms, bats are ancient mammals and it has been hypothesized that viruses which evolved in bats m ...
... sizes could sustain acute-immunizing infections. Additionally, there are some traits that may make bats more likely to host zoonotic viruses in particular and/or transmit them to humans. In evolutionary terms, bats are ancient mammals and it has been hypothesized that viruses which evolved in bats m ...
Neural Mechanisms for Binaural Interactions in the Superior Olivary
... that they are highly sensitive to interaural level differences (ILD). • To a first approximation, the discharge rate of an LSO neuron depends primarily on ILD, regardless of overall level. Response is small when the ILD is zero, as would occur on the midline. ...
... that they are highly sensitive to interaural level differences (ILD). • To a first approximation, the discharge rate of an LSO neuron depends primarily on ILD, regardless of overall level. Response is small when the ILD is zero, as would occur on the midline. ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... primarily focused in three areas: (1) Effect of reverberation on the directional sensitivity and coding of amplitude envelope in inferior colliculus (IC) neurons; (2) Neural coding of the pitch of harmonic complex tones in the auditory nerve (AN) and cochlear nucleus (CN); (3) Adaptive mechanisms fo ...
... primarily focused in three areas: (1) Effect of reverberation on the directional sensitivity and coding of amplitude envelope in inferior colliculus (IC) neurons; (2) Neural coding of the pitch of harmonic complex tones in the auditory nerve (AN) and cochlear nucleus (CN); (3) Adaptive mechanisms fo ...
Nerve Cells and Insect Behavior—Studies on Crickets1 This report
... 1. What are the neural correlates and causal rela- and Dambach, 1989). tionships to known behaviors and behavioral dif2. How to improve effective calling ferences among animals? and sound radiation 2. What are the behavioral correlates and causal relationships to known neural differences among anMol ...
... 1. What are the neural correlates and causal rela- and Dambach, 1989). tionships to known behaviors and behavioral dif2. How to improve effective calling ferences among animals? and sound radiation 2. What are the behavioral correlates and causal relationships to known neural differences among anMol ...
Linking Topography to Tonotopy in the Mouse Auditory
... the greatest number of spikes across all sound levels, and characteristic frequency, the frequency to which the neuron was responsive at threshold. BF values were distributed across a broader range of frequencies, produced more orderly maps, and were completely objective in their definition. BF was ...
... the greatest number of spikes across all sound levels, and characteristic frequency, the frequency to which the neuron was responsive at threshold. BF values were distributed across a broader range of frequencies, produced more orderly maps, and were completely objective in their definition. BF was ...
ECE 352 Systems II
... no higher than fmax can be reconstructed from its samples x[k] = x(k Ts) if the samples are taken at a rate fs which is greater than 2 fmax. – Nyquist rate = 2 fmax – Nyquist frequency = fs/2. ...
... no higher than fmax can be reconstructed from its samples x[k] = x(k Ts) if the samples are taken at a rate fs which is greater than 2 fmax. – Nyquist rate = 2 fmax – Nyquist frequency = fs/2. ...
SHORT COMMUNICATION Localization of a vocal pattern generator
... Neurons showing a syllable-correlated activity could be easily distinguished from neurons having no correlated activity by their clear correlation between syllable rate and the distance between the maxima in neuronal activity, as shown in Fig. 2D. The median time between two consecutive syllables wa ...
... Neurons showing a syllable-correlated activity could be easily distinguished from neurons having no correlated activity by their clear correlation between syllable rate and the distance between the maxima in neuronal activity, as shown in Fig. 2D. The median time between two consecutive syllables wa ...
Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in Auditory Cortex Is an NMDA
... and the MMN is found. – First, during an oddball paradigm with frequency deviants, neuronal responses showed clear SSA but failed to encode novelty in a manner analogous to the human MMN. – Second, oddball paradigms using intensity or duration deviants revealed a pattern of unit responses that showe ...
... and the MMN is found. – First, during an oddball paradigm with frequency deviants, neuronal responses showed clear SSA but failed to encode novelty in a manner analogous to the human MMN. – Second, oddball paradigms using intensity or duration deviants revealed a pattern of unit responses that showe ...
audition - Neuroanatomy
... The outer ear performs two functions that are important for hearing. First, the outer ear amplifies speech sounds. Notice that most of the curves are plotted above the “0” line, so the external ear amplifies tones of almost all frequencies shown. Sounds around 4 kHz and 14 kHz, for example, were 10 ...
... The outer ear performs two functions that are important for hearing. First, the outer ear amplifies speech sounds. Notice that most of the curves are plotted above the “0” line, so the external ear amplifies tones of almost all frequencies shown. Sounds around 4 kHz and 14 kHz, for example, were 10 ...
Physiology and mathematical modeling of the auditory system
... temporal lobe (purple), occipital lobe (yellow). White arrow points at the fold within which most of the auditory cortex is located. ...
... temporal lobe (purple), occipital lobe (yellow). White arrow points at the fold within which most of the auditory cortex is located. ...
Cochlear Implant Overview
... minimal benefit. Benefit with hearing aids is determined by standard diagnostic tests administered by audiologists as well as parent and teacher/therapist questionnaires, which measure a child’s response to sound and development of speech with hearing aids. Once a child or an adult is determined to ...
... minimal benefit. Benefit with hearing aids is determined by standard diagnostic tests administered by audiologists as well as parent and teacher/therapist questionnaires, which measure a child’s response to sound and development of speech with hearing aids. Once a child or an adult is determined to ...
Neurophysiological Aspects of Song Pattern Recognition and Sound
... probably do not project into the brain (e.g., Halex et al, 1988), where the final decision of song recognition is made. Lesion experiments have unequivocally demonstrated that for the recognition process receptor projections anterior to the metathoracic ganglion are not necessary (Ronacher et al, 19 ...
... probably do not project into the brain (e.g., Halex et al, 1988), where the final decision of song recognition is made. Lesion experiments have unequivocally demonstrated that for the recognition process receptor projections anterior to the metathoracic ganglion are not necessary (Ronacher et al, 19 ...
The auditory cortex
... 1997, this volume). The use of the number and functional speci®city of auditory cortical ®elds as a measure of the auditory competence and specialization of a species is extremely impeded by the fact that complete maps of auditory cortices seem to exist only for nine mammalian species: the macaque m ...
... 1997, this volume). The use of the number and functional speci®city of auditory cortical ®elds as a measure of the auditory competence and specialization of a species is extremely impeded by the fact that complete maps of auditory cortices seem to exist only for nine mammalian species: the macaque m ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... auditory neurons to natural signals. We determined the features and responses of single hindbrain and midbrain auditory neurons to tone bursts and playbacks of conspecific sounds in the soniferous damselfish, Abudefduf abdominalis. Most auditory neurons were either silent or had slow irregular resti ...
... auditory neurons to natural signals. We determined the features and responses of single hindbrain and midbrain auditory neurons to tone bursts and playbacks of conspecific sounds in the soniferous damselfish, Abudefduf abdominalis. Most auditory neurons were either silent or had slow irregular resti ...
Transformation from temporal to rate coding in a somatosensory
... (below the natural whisking range), latencies at all stations barely changed between the ®rst stimulus cycles (left insets) and the steady-state periods (centre PSTHs). With stimulation frequencies of 5 and 8 Hz (both of which are within the whisking frequency range12), brainstem and lemniscal laten ...
... (below the natural whisking range), latencies at all stations barely changed between the ®rst stimulus cycles (left insets) and the steady-state periods (centre PSTHs). With stimulation frequencies of 5 and 8 Hz (both of which are within the whisking frequency range12), brainstem and lemniscal laten ...
title of lesson plan - Discovery Education
... 1. Why are whales classified as mammals? 2. What is the importance of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the ocean food web? Keep in mind that plankton explain a great deal about why whales are where they are. 3. How do feeding techniques differ among blue whales, fin whales, gray whales, humpback wha ...
... 1. Why are whales classified as mammals? 2. What is the importance of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the ocean food web? Keep in mind that plankton explain a great deal about why whales are where they are. 3. How do feeding techniques differ among blue whales, fin whales, gray whales, humpback wha ...
Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals. Echolocating animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to locate and identify the objects. Echolocation is used for navigation and for foraging (or hunting) in various environments. Some blind humans have learned to find their way using clicks produced by a device or by mouth.Echolocating animals include some mammals and a few birds; most notably microchiropteran bats and odontocetes (toothed whales and dolphins), but also in simpler form in other groups such as shrews, one genus of megachiropteran bats (Rousettus) and two cave dwelling bird groups, the so-called cave swiftlets in the genus Aerodramus (formerly Collocalia) and the unrelated Oilbird Steatornis caripensis.