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Evolutionary Convergence in Nervous Systems: Insights from
... tongue projection (fig. 2). These sensory neurons innervate epithelial mechanoreceptors of the tongue pad [Harwood and Anderson, 2000]. We hypothesize that these mechanoreceptors play a role in coordinating activity of antagonistic muscles during energy storage prior to mouth opening, and in trigger ...
... tongue projection (fig. 2). These sensory neurons innervate epithelial mechanoreceptors of the tongue pad [Harwood and Anderson, 2000]. We hypothesize that these mechanoreceptors play a role in coordinating activity of antagonistic muscles during energy storage prior to mouth opening, and in trigger ...
file
... upon the type of stimulus modulation used, RRTFs derived for neurons in the primary visual, auditory or somatosensory cortices are low-pass (responding only to stimuli below a certain rate) or band-pass (responding best to rates over a limited range)12–19. In the primary visual and auditory cortical ...
... upon the type of stimulus modulation used, RRTFs derived for neurons in the primary visual, auditory or somatosensory cortices are low-pass (responding only to stimuli below a certain rate) or band-pass (responding best to rates over a limited range)12–19. In the primary visual and auditory cortical ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... The F scan consisted of 21 time blocks, in 20 blocks of which frequency was changed in 0.10-kHz steps. In the 21st (last) block, no stimulus was presented in order to count background discharges. The duration of each block was 200 ms, so that the duration of the F scan was 4,200 ms. The F scan was u ...
... The F scan consisted of 21 time blocks, in 20 blocks of which frequency was changed in 0.10-kHz steps. In the 21st (last) block, no stimulus was presented in order to count background discharges. The duration of each block was 200 ms, so that the duration of the F scan was 4,200 ms. The F scan was u ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... structures of the basal ganglia, the striatum influences the activity in the motor thalamus8 as well as superior colliculus9, a structure that has been implicated in driving behavioural choices in two-alternative choice tasks10. Plasticity of corticostriatal connections may enable them to encode the ...
... structures of the basal ganglia, the striatum influences the activity in the motor thalamus8 as well as superior colliculus9, a structure that has been implicated in driving behavioural choices in two-alternative choice tasks10. Plasticity of corticostriatal connections may enable them to encode the ...
The Occurrence and Frequency of Scars in Centipedes
... generally have populations with a lower proportion of scarred individuals. In a pitfall-trapped sample of Lithobius microps in public lawns and flower-beds in Berlin (W) (March - May 1990; FRÜND & GRAEFE unpubl.) 31 % of 39 animals caught had scars. This is in good correspondence with the value show ...
... generally have populations with a lower proportion of scarred individuals. In a pitfall-trapped sample of Lithobius microps in public lawns and flower-beds in Berlin (W) (March - May 1990; FRÜND & GRAEFE unpubl.) 31 % of 39 animals caught had scars. This is in good correspondence with the value show ...
Peripheral part of the vestibular system
... Take an over-the-counter antihistamine, such as meclizine (Antivert), or one containing dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), at least 30 to 60 minutes before you travel. Expect drowsiness as a side effect. Consider scopolamine (Transderm Scop), available in a prescription adhesive patch. Several hours before ...
... Take an over-the-counter antihistamine, such as meclizine (Antivert), or one containing dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), at least 30 to 60 minutes before you travel. Expect drowsiness as a side effect. Consider scopolamine (Transderm Scop), available in a prescription adhesive patch. Several hours before ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children With Hearing Loss– Part One
... cochlear implant (CI; Hear Res 2005;205[1-2]:184). To clarify, the participants had normal hearing during childhood, lost 7. I like bacon! their hearing as adults, and received a CI after a variable We have yet to develop a full understanding of exactly how range of duration of deafness (1 to 48 yea ...
... cochlear implant (CI; Hear Res 2005;205[1-2]:184). To clarify, the participants had normal hearing during childhood, lost 7. I like bacon! their hearing as adults, and received a CI after a variable We have yet to develop a full understanding of exactly how range of duration of deafness (1 to 48 yea ...
File - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... Note how the sound waves between the number 1 and number 2 in this diagram are shown impacting different parts of membranous labyrinth. This is a representation of sounds waves of different frequencies being transduced at the segment of the basilar membrane that is “tuned” for a particular pitch ...
... Note how the sound waves between the number 1 and number 2 in this diagram are shown impacting different parts of membranous labyrinth. This is a representation of sounds waves of different frequencies being transduced at the segment of the basilar membrane that is “tuned” for a particular pitch ...
NIH Public Access
... neurons respond to the same FM harmonic in the emitted pulse and the returning echo (Dear et al., 1993, Feng et al., 1978; Hagemann et al., 2010; Sullivan 1982a). In the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii) however, delay-tuned neurons respond to different FM harmonics in the pulse and echo. The mus ...
... neurons respond to the same FM harmonic in the emitted pulse and the returning echo (Dear et al., 1993, Feng et al., 1978; Hagemann et al., 2010; Sullivan 1982a). In the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii) however, delay-tuned neurons respond to different FM harmonics in the pulse and echo. The mus ...
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... rates (3^25 pulses per second (pps)). A 2 s silent period separated the tone trains. The frequency of the RRTF tones was set to the frequency that resulted in consistent vigorous responses at both of the recording sites. In a few cases, tuning curves did not overlap and trains of two di¡erent tone f ...
... rates (3^25 pulses per second (pps)). A 2 s silent period separated the tone trains. The frequency of the RRTF tones was set to the frequency that resulted in consistent vigorous responses at both of the recording sites. In a few cases, tuning curves did not overlap and trains of two di¡erent tone f ...
hair cells
... Once the sound waves travel into the ear canal, they vibrate the tympanic membrane, commonly called the eardrum. The eardrum is a thin, cone-shaped piece of skin, about 10 millimeters (0.4 inches) wide. It is positioned between the ear canal and the middle ear. The middle ear is connected to the thr ...
... Once the sound waves travel into the ear canal, they vibrate the tympanic membrane, commonly called the eardrum. The eardrum is a thin, cone-shaped piece of skin, about 10 millimeters (0.4 inches) wide. It is positioned between the ear canal and the middle ear. The middle ear is connected to the thr ...
General introduction - UvA-DARE
... In clinical audiology, hearing rehabilitation is mostly based on the puretone audiogram. is means that the advanced signal processing in current hearing aids is based on average processing ability, rather than on the individual capabilities of hearing-impaired individuals. Nevertheless, individual ...
... In clinical audiology, hearing rehabilitation is mostly based on the puretone audiogram. is means that the advanced signal processing in current hearing aids is based on average processing ability, rather than on the individual capabilities of hearing-impaired individuals. Nevertheless, individual ...
PowerPoint Slides - Portland State University
... • Comparison of neural responses from both a spike rate and spike timing perspective • Improved methods for creating input>output models of individual neurons provided the pure tone responses of these neurons – Used to approximate the responses of peripheral neurons ...
... • Comparison of neural responses from both a spike rate and spike timing perspective • Improved methods for creating input>output models of individual neurons provided the pure tone responses of these neurons – Used to approximate the responses of peripheral neurons ...
Parent Information Package Central Auditory Processing Disorders Assessment and Management
... Auditory processing is how sound is received, represented, and transmitted along the pathways of the hearing nerve. At the brain level it is how auditory information interacts with the other senses and memory. In brief, it is what we do with what we hear. Hearing begins with perceiving and identifyi ...
... Auditory processing is how sound is received, represented, and transmitted along the pathways of the hearing nerve. At the brain level it is how auditory information interacts with the other senses and memory. In brief, it is what we do with what we hear. Hearing begins with perceiving and identifyi ...
Cortical remodelling induced by activity of ventral tegmental
... Pairing procedures did not change response properties such as latency or the number of spikes evoked by tone presentation (P . 0.1 for both measures; see Methods for details). On the other hand, response bandwidths at 10 and 30 dB above threshold were reduced for neurons with best frequencies near 9 ...
... Pairing procedures did not change response properties such as latency or the number of spikes evoked by tone presentation (P . 0.1 for both measures; see Methods for details). On the other hand, response bandwidths at 10 and 30 dB above threshold were reduced for neurons with best frequencies near 9 ...
The auditory pathway: Levels of integration of information and
... Although the ascending (afferent) AP is better known, the ear has a descending (efferent) pathway as well, with neurons running parallel to the former. Even though little is known about this pathway, it is deemed to regulate the AC function with the lower auditory centers and Corti’s organ. The effe ...
... Although the ascending (afferent) AP is better known, the ear has a descending (efferent) pathway as well, with neurons running parallel to the former. Even though little is known about this pathway, it is deemed to regulate the AC function with the lower auditory centers and Corti’s organ. The effe ...
Pitch, Timbre, Source Separation
... from a 100Hz fundamental, the frequency of the comb must match the frequency of the fundamental within the quarterwidth of the filter. – We see from previous slide that the half-width of a ten tap comb filter is ~1/6th the fundamental frequency. – This implies we need a frequency accuracy of: – Accu ...
... from a 100Hz fundamental, the frequency of the comb must match the frequency of the fundamental within the quarterwidth of the filter. – We see from previous slide that the half-width of a ten tap comb filter is ~1/6th the fundamental frequency. – This implies we need a frequency accuracy of: – Accu ...
Pitch, Timbre, Source Separation, and the Myths
... from a 100Hz fundamental, the frequency of the comb must match the frequency of the fundamental within the quarterwidth of the filter. – We see from previous slide that the half-width of a ten tap comb filter is ~1/6th the fundamental frequency. – This implies we need a frequency accuracy of: – Accu ...
... from a 100Hz fundamental, the frequency of the comb must match the frequency of the fundamental within the quarterwidth of the filter. – We see from previous slide that the half-width of a ten tap comb filter is ~1/6th the fundamental frequency. – This implies we need a frequency accuracy of: – Accu ...
Auditory Hallucinations as a Separate Entitity
... to and guiding movements toward, remembered auditory stimuli. Consistent with their electrophysiological properties, behavioral experiments have demonstrated that both the auditory thalamus and the area surrounding including the AAr are involved in auditory orienting behavior2. These behaviors are m ...
... to and guiding movements toward, remembered auditory stimuli. Consistent with their electrophysiological properties, behavioral experiments have demonstrated that both the auditory thalamus and the area surrounding including the AAr are involved in auditory orienting behavior2. These behaviors are m ...
on the non-cochlearity of the sounds themselves
... sounds themselves and the biological basis of sound? 3.2. Sound as a Worldly Phenomenon One possible answer might be to postulate a chain of events starting with the electrochemical stimulation of neurons in the brain that then cause the perception of a sound which in turn is identified in terms of ...
... sounds themselves and the biological basis of sound? 3.2. Sound as a Worldly Phenomenon One possible answer might be to postulate a chain of events starting with the electrochemical stimulation of neurons in the brain that then cause the perception of a sound which in turn is identified in terms of ...
Lecture 22
... neurons to retract their ‘lophophore’ into the safety of their tubes when attacked. There is no ‘consulting’ with the brain: speed is essential. • These cells were used by early physiologists trying to understand depolarization of the nerve cell membrane. In 1936 J.Z. Young discovered that certain l ...
... neurons to retract their ‘lophophore’ into the safety of their tubes when attacked. There is no ‘consulting’ with the brain: speed is essential. • These cells were used by early physiologists trying to understand depolarization of the nerve cell membrane. In 1936 J.Z. Young discovered that certain l ...
Computational themes of peripheral processing
... The way adaptation changes the onset response curve of the sensory periphery determines which and how much information about a given stimulus is available at more central stages. In most cases, these changes can be described as either subtractive or divisive (Fig. 2c; Hildebrandt et al. 2011). While ...
... The way adaptation changes the onset response curve of the sensory periphery determines which and how much information about a given stimulus is available at more central stages. In most cases, these changes can be described as either subtractive or divisive (Fig. 2c; Hildebrandt et al. 2011). While ...
Assessment of the Ears
... • Strike tuning fork and place on midline of skull • Tone should be equally loud bilaterally • Conductive loss = person will hear less sound in normal ear • Sensorineural loss = person will hear less sound in affected ear ...
... • Strike tuning fork and place on midline of skull • Tone should be equally loud bilaterally • Conductive loss = person will hear less sound in normal ear • Sensorineural loss = person will hear less sound in affected ear ...
Computing auditory perception - Machine Learning Group, TU Berlin
... basilar membrane. Hair cells are located on the basilar membrane. Due to varying stiffness of the basilar membrane and the stiffness, size and electrical resonance of the hair cell, different places on the basilar membrane are tuned to different frequencies. Frequencies below 500 Hz are mapped appro ...
... basilar membrane. Hair cells are located on the basilar membrane. Due to varying stiffness of the basilar membrane and the stiffness, size and electrical resonance of the hair cell, different places on the basilar membrane are tuned to different frequencies. Frequencies below 500 Hz are mapped appro ...
Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals. Echolocating animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to locate and identify the objects. Echolocation is used for navigation and for foraging (or hunting) in various environments. Some blind humans have learned to find their way using clicks produced by a device or by mouth.Echolocating animals include some mammals and a few birds; most notably microchiropteran bats and odontocetes (toothed whales and dolphins), but also in simpler form in other groups such as shrews, one genus of megachiropteran bats (Rousettus) and two cave dwelling bird groups, the so-called cave swiftlets in the genus Aerodramus (formerly Collocalia) and the unrelated Oilbird Steatornis caripensis.