Speech Science XI
... The basilar membrane gets wider as it spirals from the base at the oval window to the helicotrema at the apex. The travelling waves build up to maximum amplitudes at different places along the scala vestibuli, according to their component frequencies: higher frequencies closer to the base, lower fre ...
... The basilar membrane gets wider as it spirals from the base at the oval window to the helicotrema at the apex. The travelling waves build up to maximum amplitudes at different places along the scala vestibuli, according to their component frequencies: higher frequencies closer to the base, lower fre ...
Document
... OHC activity OHCs are relatively more active for quiet sounds than for loud sounds. They only amplify sounds that have the characteristic frequency of their place. • Increases sensitivity (lowers thresholds) • Increases selectivity (reduces bandwidth of auditory filter) • Gives ear a logarithmic (n ...
... OHC activity OHCs are relatively more active for quiet sounds than for loud sounds. They only amplify sounds that have the characteristic frequency of their place. • Increases sensitivity (lowers thresholds) • Increases selectivity (reduces bandwidth of auditory filter) • Gives ear a logarithmic (n ...
File
... Theories or color visionTrichromatic theory -Theory of color vision that holds that all color perception derives from three different color receptors in the retina Opponent-process theory - Theory of color vision that holds that three sets of color receptors respond in an either/or fashion to determ ...
... Theories or color visionTrichromatic theory -Theory of color vision that holds that all color perception derives from three different color receptors in the retina Opponent-process theory - Theory of color vision that holds that three sets of color receptors respond in an either/or fashion to determ ...
Sound waves enter through the: Aurical (pinna) To the External
... Which Vibrates the Perilymph of Scala Vestibuli Causing the Vestibular membrane to vibrate at the same frequency & simultaneously ...
... Which Vibrates the Perilymph of Scala Vestibuli Causing the Vestibular membrane to vibrate at the same frequency & simultaneously ...
What Is Sound? How Brains Make Hearing Sensations Abstract
... Warm tones have longer and lower attack and decay, longer tones, and more harmonics. Cool tones have shorter and higher attack and decay, shorter tones, and fewer harmonics. 3.10. Mixing People can simultaneously hear different frequencies at different intensities. Sounds are independent, so hearing ...
... Warm tones have longer and lower attack and decay, longer tones, and more harmonics. Cool tones have shorter and higher attack and decay, shorter tones, and fewer harmonics. 3.10. Mixing People can simultaneously hear different frequencies at different intensities. Sounds are independent, so hearing ...
Chapter 12 – Auditory Localization and Organization
... But if a sound strikes L first, then strikes R shortly afterward, L’s action potential will reach the end of its axon first and much much later (in neural time) R’s action potential will reach the end of its axon, resulting in insufficient neurotransmitter to cause the MSO neuron to respond. Note th ...
... But if a sound strikes L first, then strikes R shortly afterward, L’s action potential will reach the end of its axon first and much much later (in neural time) R’s action potential will reach the end of its axon, resulting in insufficient neurotransmitter to cause the MSO neuron to respond. Note th ...
View Presentation
... Sensing Light responsiveness to the sun’s energy provides “remote guidance” for sensing things at a distance eyes allow us to process form, color, movement and visual acuity ...
... Sensing Light responsiveness to the sun’s energy provides “remote guidance” for sensing things at a distance eyes allow us to process form, color, movement and visual acuity ...
Program - Harvard Medical School
... speech, making use of acoustic mismatches between predicted and realized speech in order to correct that speech online. We investigated these processes in aphasia, a communication disorder caused by damage to language-related brain regions. Persons with aphasia (PWA) took part in two experiments des ...
... speech, making use of acoustic mismatches between predicted and realized speech in order to correct that speech online. We investigated these processes in aphasia, a communication disorder caused by damage to language-related brain regions. Persons with aphasia (PWA) took part in two experiments des ...
Dolphin or Porpoise? - Pace University ePortfolio
... Some dolphins are very receptive to training and performing Researchers have taught dolphins a sign language in which signs are recognized as well as how their order affects meaning (syntax) Dolphins can mimic both sounds and physical behaviors Dolphins can determine when an object is not present or ...
... Some dolphins are very receptive to training and performing Researchers have taught dolphins a sign language in which signs are recognized as well as how their order affects meaning (syntax) Dolphins can mimic both sounds and physical behaviors Dolphins can determine when an object is not present or ...
exteroreceptive sensory systems
... Functional columns (cells of a column respond to the same frequency) Tonotopic organization Secondary areas do not respond well to pure tones and have not been wellresearched Copyright © 2009 Allyn & Bacon ...
... Functional columns (cells of a column respond to the same frequency) Tonotopic organization Secondary areas do not respond well to pure tones and have not been wellresearched Copyright © 2009 Allyn & Bacon ...
Chapter 12
... – Intimacy time - time between when sound leaves its source and when the first reflection arrives • Best time is around 20 ms. – Bass ratio - ratio of low to middle frequencies reflected from surfaces • High bass ratios are best. – Spaciousness factor - fraction of all the sound received by listener ...
... – Intimacy time - time between when sound leaves its source and when the first reflection arrives • Best time is around 20 ms. – Bass ratio - ratio of low to middle frequencies reflected from surfaces • High bass ratios are best. – Spaciousness factor - fraction of all the sound received by listener ...
Slide 1
... emitted pulse consists of four harmonics (H1–H4), the strongest of which is H2 at about 60 kHz. Each harmonic has an initial part of constant frequency (CF) and a later part of changing frequency (frequency modulation, FM). The echoes are returned after a travel time that causes a delay relative to ...
... emitted pulse consists of four harmonics (H1–H4), the strongest of which is H2 at about 60 kHz. Each harmonic has an initial part of constant frequency (CF) and a later part of changing frequency (frequency modulation, FM). The echoes are returned after a travel time that causes a delay relative to ...
to the PDF file
... 1> Troop - Did you know that apes are considered to be the most intelligent of all the animals on earth? 2> Mess - Iguanas can stay underwater for approximately 28 minutes! 3> Owls - A herd is the collective noun for both Giraffes and Ibexes! Owls, however, are called a parliament! 4> Wolves - Wolve ...
... 1> Troop - Did you know that apes are considered to be the most intelligent of all the animals on earth? 2> Mess - Iguanas can stay underwater for approximately 28 minutes! 3> Owls - A herd is the collective noun for both Giraffes and Ibexes! Owls, however, are called a parliament! 4> Wolves - Wolve ...
(1996). "A multi-threshold neural network for frequency estimation,"
... are coded in their ring patterns, and hints as to how higher brain centres may decode these neural response patterns to produce a perception of sound. Auditory neurons dier in the frequency of sound to which they respond most actively (their characteristic frequency), in their spontaneous (zero in ...
... are coded in their ring patterns, and hints as to how higher brain centres may decode these neural response patterns to produce a perception of sound. Auditory neurons dier in the frequency of sound to which they respond most actively (their characteristic frequency), in their spontaneous (zero in ...
Baleen Whales
... – 3rd largest animal with massive blunt snout – have a series of humps, no real dorsal fin – aggressive attackers of squid and fish ...
... – 3rd largest animal with massive blunt snout – have a series of humps, no real dorsal fin – aggressive attackers of squid and fish ...
Paper: A differentially amplified motion in the ear for near
... organ of Corti receptor potential compared with basilar membrane motion. ...
... organ of Corti receptor potential compared with basilar membrane motion. ...
The Ear
... 5. Organs of corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations 6. Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve 7. Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe interprets sensory impulses 8. (Round window dissipates vibrations within the cochlea) ...
... 5. Organs of corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations 6. Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve 7. Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe interprets sensory impulses 8. (Round window dissipates vibrations within the cochlea) ...
Pitch - Auditory Neuroscience
... Modulations in the Midbrain Neurons in the midbrain or above show much less phase locking to AM than neurons in the brainstem. Transition from a timing to a rate code. Some neurons have bandpass MTFs and exhibit “best modulation frequencies” (BMFs). Topographic maps of BMF may exist within isofreque ...
... Modulations in the Midbrain Neurons in the midbrain or above show much less phase locking to AM than neurons in the brainstem. Transition from a timing to a rate code. Some neurons have bandpass MTFs and exhibit “best modulation frequencies” (BMFs). Topographic maps of BMF may exist within isofreque ...
The ear
... Auditory nerve: carries impulses form the cochlea to the auditory cortex of the brain Cochlea: snail shaped; filled with fluid and hair cells; converts sound energy into electrical impulse CPS: cycles per second, measure of a sound wave Decibel scale: used to measure the range of sound to which the ...
... Auditory nerve: carries impulses form the cochlea to the auditory cortex of the brain Cochlea: snail shaped; filled with fluid and hair cells; converts sound energy into electrical impulse CPS: cycles per second, measure of a sound wave Decibel scale: used to measure the range of sound to which the ...
Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses
... Cilia movement produces tension of the link which opens an ion channel in the adjacent tip Calcium and potassium ions flow into the cilia and produce a ...
... Cilia movement produces tension of the link which opens an ion channel in the adjacent tip Calcium and potassium ions flow into the cilia and produce a ...
Periodicity and Pitch - Auditory Neuroscience
... Modulations in the Midbrain Neurons in the midbrain or above show much less phase locking to AM than neurons in the brainstem. Transition from a timing to a rate code. Some neurons have bandpass MTFs and exhibit “best modulation frequencies” (BMFs). Topographic maps of BMF may exist within isofreque ...
... Modulations in the Midbrain Neurons in the midbrain or above show much less phase locking to AM than neurons in the brainstem. Transition from a timing to a rate code. Some neurons have bandpass MTFs and exhibit “best modulation frequencies” (BMFs). Topographic maps of BMF may exist within isofreque ...
The Frequency-Following Response
... epresents a significant up-to-date source of information on FFR and its applications to the study of human communication ...
... epresents a significant up-to-date source of information on FFR and its applications to the study of human communication ...
Chapter 12:
... speaker alone - called the precedence effect – At intervals greater than 5 ms, two separate sounds were heard, one following the other - called the echo threshold ...
... speaker alone - called the precedence effect – At intervals greater than 5 ms, two separate sounds were heard, one following the other - called the echo threshold ...
Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals. Echolocating animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to locate and identify the objects. Echolocation is used for navigation and for foraging (or hunting) in various environments. Some blind humans have learned to find their way using clicks produced by a device or by mouth.Echolocating animals include some mammals and a few birds; most notably microchiropteran bats and odontocetes (toothed whales and dolphins), but also in simpler form in other groups such as shrews, one genus of megachiropteran bats (Rousettus) and two cave dwelling bird groups, the so-called cave swiftlets in the genus Aerodramus (formerly Collocalia) and the unrelated Oilbird Steatornis caripensis.