Adaptive, behaviorally gated, persistent encoding of task
... sensory stimuli, depending on current task and context, is an essential component of flexible, goal-directed behavior. Neurons in frontal cortex are likely to contribute to this adaptive ability because of their extraordinary flexibility, responding differently to identical stimuli depending on the ...
... sensory stimuli, depending on current task and context, is an essential component of flexible, goal-directed behavior. Neurons in frontal cortex are likely to contribute to this adaptive ability because of their extraordinary flexibility, responding differently to identical stimuli depending on the ...
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF AMPLIFICATION: SUCCESSFUL LIVING WITH HEARING LOSS
... • Hearing loss (HL) related to the aging process ...
... • Hearing loss (HL) related to the aging process ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... a. The Power Law- a person interprets changes in intensity approximately in proportion to an inverse power of the function of the actual intensity (can interpret an increase of 1 trillion times ...
... a. The Power Law- a person interprets changes in intensity approximately in proportion to an inverse power of the function of the actual intensity (can interpret an increase of 1 trillion times ...
MusNmind - University of Kentucky
... Learned constraints in auditory scene analysis (differences in perceptual organization resulting from training and culture) Music: Differences between musicians and non-musicians Music: Differences resulting from acculturation (A.S. Bregman, Auditory Scene Analysis, MIT Press 1990, pp. 1-45) ...
... Learned constraints in auditory scene analysis (differences in perceptual organization resulting from training and culture) Music: Differences between musicians and non-musicians Music: Differences resulting from acculturation (A.S. Bregman, Auditory Scene Analysis, MIT Press 1990, pp. 1-45) ...
copyright 2004 scientific american, inc.
... These findings initiated a growing body of research indicating that one way the brain stores the learned importance of a stimulus is by devoting more brain cells to the processing of that stimulus. Although it is not possible to record from single neurons in humans during learning, brain-imaging stu ...
... These findings initiated a growing body of research indicating that one way the brain stores the learned importance of a stimulus is by devoting more brain cells to the processing of that stimulus. Although it is not possible to record from single neurons in humans during learning, brain-imaging stu ...
Neuron highlight
... harder odor discriminations addresses is time evolution of spatial and temporal structure of odorant representations (Friedrich, 2006; Spors and Grinvald, 2002). In zebrafish these patterns evolve into more specific representations by about 400 ms and can persist for up to 1.5 s, but the question ha ...
... harder odor discriminations addresses is time evolution of spatial and temporal structure of odorant representations (Friedrich, 2006; Spors and Grinvald, 2002). In zebrafish these patterns evolve into more specific representations by about 400 ms and can persist for up to 1.5 s, but the question ha ...
The Design and Function of Cochlear Implants
... State University to test his understanding of speech. The results were extraordinary: Scott recognized 100 percent of more than 1,400 words, either in sentences or alone, without any prior knowledge of the test items. As impressive as this performance was, the cochlear implant did not restore normal ...
... State University to test his understanding of speech. The results were extraordinary: Scott recognized 100 percent of more than 1,400 words, either in sentences or alone, without any prior knowledge of the test items. As impressive as this performance was, the cochlear implant did not restore normal ...
Auditory cortex
... Carl Wernicke discovered a region in temporal lobe important for speech perception. Experiments by Blumstein tested phonetic deficits and semantic deficits by providing patients with four choices in the test: correct word, semantic foil, phonetic foil and unrelated foil (e.g. peas, carrots, keys, ...
... Carl Wernicke discovered a region in temporal lobe important for speech perception. Experiments by Blumstein tested phonetic deficits and semantic deficits by providing patients with four choices in the test: correct word, semantic foil, phonetic foil and unrelated foil (e.g. peas, carrots, keys, ...
FIAT 8 - UCLA Statistics
... a true hearing percept (i.e. not like having to guess what the sound means). • Awareness of sound in the environment. • Can combine with lip reading, or be used independently. • Typically understand 60% speech within two weeks, 80% within a few months (sufficient for telephone use). ...
... a true hearing percept (i.e. not like having to guess what the sound means). • Awareness of sound in the environment. • Can combine with lip reading, or be used independently. • Typically understand 60% speech within two weeks, 80% within a few months (sufficient for telephone use). ...
03 Auditory & Vestibular Systems
... Central Auditory Processes Response Properties of Neurons in Auditory Pathway A. Characteristic frequency Frequency at which neuron is most responsive B. Response More complex and diverse on ascending auditory pathway in brain stem ...
... Central Auditory Processes Response Properties of Neurons in Auditory Pathway A. Characteristic frequency Frequency at which neuron is most responsive B. Response More complex and diverse on ascending auditory pathway in brain stem ...
CHAP 17c - Dr. Gerry Cronin
... Note how the sound waves between the number 1 and number 2 in this diagram are shown impacting different parts of membranous labyrinth. This is a representation of sounds waves of different frequencies being transduced at the segment of the basilar membrane that is “tuned” for a particular pitch ...
... Note how the sound waves between the number 1 and number 2 in this diagram are shown impacting different parts of membranous labyrinth. This is a representation of sounds waves of different frequencies being transduced at the segment of the basilar membrane that is “tuned” for a particular pitch ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... responses of other subcortical neurons tuned to different frequencies are increased, and their preferred frequencies are shifted towards that of the inactivated cortical neurons. Thus the corticofugal system mediates a positive feedback which, in combination with widespread lateral inhibition, sharp ...
... responses of other subcortical neurons tuned to different frequencies are increased, and their preferred frequencies are shifted towards that of the inactivated cortical neurons. Thus the corticofugal system mediates a positive feedback which, in combination with widespread lateral inhibition, sharp ...
Topographic Mapping with fMRI
... Fourier analysis for Retinotopy (how to in Matlab): 1) Zero center the time series (if not already) series=series-mean(series) 2) Apply Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Produces array of complex numbers giving the amplitude and phase of each frequency component. ...
... Fourier analysis for Retinotopy (how to in Matlab): 1) Zero center the time series (if not already) series=series-mean(series) 2) Apply Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Produces array of complex numbers giving the amplitude and phase of each frequency component. ...
Lect.14 - ALTERATIONS IN SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION
... – Stops for a minute when someone says "nono," "bye-bye," and own name – Looks at objects or pictures when someone talks about them – Enjoys rattle and similar toys for their sounds ...
... – Stops for a minute when someone says "nono," "bye-bye," and own name – Looks at objects or pictures when someone talks about them – Enjoys rattle and similar toys for their sounds ...
Abbreviated 11-15
... Parvocellular cells have greater spatial resolution, but lower temporal resolution, than the magnocellular cells. ...
... Parvocellular cells have greater spatial resolution, but lower temporal resolution, than the magnocellular cells. ...
Neural analysis of sound frequency in insects
... Recordings from the whole auditory nerve consist of compound action potentials (CAPs), which represent the summed extracellular potentials produced by synchronously firing receptor neurons. CAPs evoked by cricket-like frequencies are 4–5 times larger than those evoked by ultrasound, suggesting that ...
... Recordings from the whole auditory nerve consist of compound action potentials (CAPs), which represent the summed extracellular potentials produced by synchronously firing receptor neurons. CAPs evoked by cricket-like frequencies are 4–5 times larger than those evoked by ultrasound, suggesting that ...
Models of signal processing in human hearing
... 0.35. It is also noteworthy that the exponent found by Garner agrees very well with data obtained by measurements of the transverse velocity of the basilar membrane (0.2 < < 0.3) ...
... 0.35. It is also noteworthy that the exponent found by Garner agrees very well with data obtained by measurements of the transverse velocity of the basilar membrane (0.2 < < 0.3) ...
sample_exam_questions_2_0
... The answer is e. (Victor, p 306.) The vibrations from a tuning fork placed on top of the head are transmitted through the skull to both ears. Bone conduction of sound through the skull should be equal in both ears. With sensorineural hearing loss, the patient will hear the midline fork more loudly i ...
... The answer is e. (Victor, p 306.) The vibrations from a tuning fork placed on top of the head are transmitted through the skull to both ears. Bone conduction of sound through the skull should be equal in both ears. With sensorineural hearing loss, the patient will hear the midline fork more loudly i ...
A Test to Assess the Auditory Brainstem Response to Speech
... Studies at Northwestern University showed that 70% of children with diagnosed learning problems had normal BioMAP responses. No single test, including BioMARK, assesses all of a child’s abilities. Because BioMARK is only one test, other types of evaluations, such as a psychoeducational assessment, ...
... Studies at Northwestern University showed that 70% of children with diagnosed learning problems had normal BioMAP responses. No single test, including BioMARK, assesses all of a child’s abilities. Because BioMARK is only one test, other types of evaluations, such as a psychoeducational assessment, ...
Sound Localisation - University of Limerick
... • HRTFs differ across individuals, due to head and pinnae shape and sizes. • Listeners can use these changes in intensity across frequency to learn where a sound comes from. • Visual feedback ...
... • HRTFs differ across individuals, due to head and pinnae shape and sizes. • Listeners can use these changes in intensity across frequency to learn where a sound comes from. • Visual feedback ...
29-Audition-Percepti..
... noise vocoding process. • fMRI scans of brain activity during presentation of auditory stimuli. ...
... noise vocoding process. • fMRI scans of brain activity during presentation of auditory stimuli. ...
Final answers - Center for Neural Science
... wore goggles to allow dark adaptation before night mission (2 pts) red filters out light that the rods would respond to because rods are not sensitive to long wavelengths and hence won’t get bleached (2 pts) ...
... wore goggles to allow dark adaptation before night mission (2 pts) red filters out light that the rods would respond to because rods are not sensitive to long wavelengths and hence won’t get bleached (2 pts) ...
Neurophysiology
... Cerebral Dominance/Laterality • Language Processing in the left hemisphere. (Remember the right ear has the strongest connections to the left hemisphere) • Most people show a right-ear advantage in processing linguistic stimuli ...
... Cerebral Dominance/Laterality • Language Processing in the left hemisphere. (Remember the right ear has the strongest connections to the left hemisphere) • Most people show a right-ear advantage in processing linguistic stimuli ...
Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals. Echolocating animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to locate and identify the objects. Echolocation is used for navigation and for foraging (or hunting) in various environments. Some blind humans have learned to find their way using clicks produced by a device or by mouth.Echolocating animals include some mammals and a few birds; most notably microchiropteran bats and odontocetes (toothed whales and dolphins), but also in simpler form in other groups such as shrews, one genus of megachiropteran bats (Rousettus) and two cave dwelling bird groups, the so-called cave swiftlets in the genus Aerodramus (formerly Collocalia) and the unrelated Oilbird Steatornis caripensis.