Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... 80% probability) whose mean level was systematically varied. We found that the dynamic range of AN fibers shifts nearly linearly with the HPR mean level at a rate ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 dB/dB. However, the benefits of these dynamic range shifts for level coding were partially offset by decreases in ...
... 80% probability) whose mean level was systematically varied. We found that the dynamic range of AN fibers shifts nearly linearly with the HPR mean level at a rate ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 dB/dB. However, the benefits of these dynamic range shifts for level coding were partially offset by decreases in ...
Dolphin Biosonar Echolocation
... bandwidth limit is the use of phase locking in a “servomechanism loop.” The oscillation used as a reference in this servo loop provides a relative indication of distance to the target without using any high frequency oscillators, counters or other circuits of Man’s technical toolbox. A relative rang ...
... bandwidth limit is the use of phase locking in a “servomechanism loop.” The oscillation used as a reference in this servo loop provides a relative indication of distance to the target without using any high frequency oscillators, counters or other circuits of Man’s technical toolbox. A relative rang ...
Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary
... (Schreiner et al., 2000). The cNB region has the highest spectral resolution (Q factor) measured with sound level at 40 decibels above threshold (Q40). A small dNB region has higher spectral resolution than adjacent cBB and dBB regions but lower median spectral resolution than the cNB region (Imaizu ...
... (Schreiner et al., 2000). The cNB region has the highest spectral resolution (Q factor) measured with sound level at 40 decibels above threshold (Q40). A small dNB region has higher spectral resolution than adjacent cBB and dBB regions but lower median spectral resolution than the cNB region (Imaizu ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... The human SOC includes two principal nuclei: the medial superior olive and the lateral superior olives [12]. The Inferior Colliculus is an anatomical structure of the midbrain that receives direct input from the cochlear nuclei as well as from the nuclei of the superior olive and from the lateral le ...
... The human SOC includes two principal nuclei: the medial superior olive and the lateral superior olives [12]. The Inferior Colliculus is an anatomical structure of the midbrain that receives direct input from the cochlear nuclei as well as from the nuclei of the superior olive and from the lateral le ...
Calcium-activated chloride channels: a new target to
... neurons, providing further evidence that Ca2+-activated Cl− conductance via ANO2 channels hyperpolarizes the membrane potential in these CNS neurons. The thalamus-specific ANO2 knockdown significantly increased visceral pain responses, reflecting the level of sensory information transmission from th ...
... neurons, providing further evidence that Ca2+-activated Cl− conductance via ANO2 channels hyperpolarizes the membrane potential in these CNS neurons. The thalamus-specific ANO2 knockdown significantly increased visceral pain responses, reflecting the level of sensory information transmission from th ...
Chapter 11: The Auditory and Vestibular Systems
... towards apex Slide 9 Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd Ed, Bear, Connors, and Paradiso Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
... towards apex Slide 9 Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd Ed, Bear, Connors, and Paradiso Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
The non-classical auditory pathways are involved in hearing in
... individuals that we studied experienced an increase in loudness when their median nerve was stimulated while a few individuals experienced a decrease in loudness is in agreement with the reported findings that cells in the ICX can respond to both auditory and somatosensory stimulation and can either ...
... individuals that we studied experienced an increase in loudness when their median nerve was stimulated while a few individuals experienced a decrease in loudness is in agreement with the reported findings that cells in the ICX can respond to both auditory and somatosensory stimulation and can either ...
Functional imaging of human auditory cortex
... ear [22,31], whereas binaural sounds elicit activations that are similar to those produced by contralateral monaural sounds [25,32]. In addition, changes in sound features elicit activations that can reveal the tuning properties of different regions of auditory cortex. Primate studies show that neu ...
... ear [22,31], whereas binaural sounds elicit activations that are similar to those produced by contralateral monaural sounds [25,32]. In addition, changes in sound features elicit activations that can reveal the tuning properties of different regions of auditory cortex. Primate studies show that neu ...
Frequency decoding of periodically timed action potentials through
... pitch detection [25,26]. Frequency discrimination through frequency-dependent network activity patterns as proposed here might therefore occur in these laminae. Simultaneous recordings from many interconnected neurons within one lamina would be required for an experimental test of this hypothesis. N ...
... pitch detection [25,26]. Frequency discrimination through frequency-dependent network activity patterns as proposed here might therefore occur in these laminae. Simultaneous recordings from many interconnected neurons within one lamina would be required for an experimental test of this hypothesis. N ...
BOLD fMRI study of ultrahigh frequency encoding in the
... Many vertebrates communicate with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) vocalizations to limit auditory detection by predators. The mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of such UHF sounds may provide important insights for understanding neural processing of other complex sounds (e.g. human speeches). In th ...
... Many vertebrates communicate with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) vocalizations to limit auditory detection by predators. The mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of such UHF sounds may provide important insights for understanding neural processing of other complex sounds (e.g. human speeches). In th ...
firing pattern modulation by oscillatory input in
... described above (see Fig. 4D^F). In Fig. 4D^F the amplitude and frequency of the sine wave were held constant while the steady-state depolarization was varied (+0.2 to +0.4 nA). In response the neuron moved from a 1:1 (Fig. 4D) to an intermittent (Fig. 4E) to a 2:1 (Fig. 4F) ¢ring regime. The magnit ...
... described above (see Fig. 4D^F). In Fig. 4D^F the amplitude and frequency of the sine wave were held constant while the steady-state depolarization was varied (+0.2 to +0.4 nA). In response the neuron moved from a 1:1 (Fig. 4D) to an intermittent (Fig. 4E) to a 2:1 (Fig. 4F) ¢ring regime. The magnit ...
Better Together--ASHA Leadership
... are experts at investigating neurological components of auditory deficits. But when it comes to meeting a child's educational needs, information on functional performance will be needed. For example, behavioral tests for auditory processing often assess temporal processing—defined as "the ability of ...
... are experts at investigating neurological components of auditory deficits. But when it comes to meeting a child's educational needs, information on functional performance will be needed. For example, behavioral tests for auditory processing often assess temporal processing—defined as "the ability of ...
REVIEW Time Course of Auditory Processing, Visual Processing
... finely tuned to lexically relevant acoustic–phonetic and contextual cues [15]. ...
... finely tuned to lexically relevant acoustic–phonetic and contextual cues [15]. ...
File
... wave is reflected from the obstacle, and the other portion is transmitted through the obstacle. Hard obstacles like concrete reflect almost all the sound, while soft materials like cloth allow the sound to be transmitted. Other Sound Facts • Sound waves eventually stop because all the energy in the ...
... wave is reflected from the obstacle, and the other portion is transmitted through the obstacle. Hard obstacles like concrete reflect almost all the sound, while soft materials like cloth allow the sound to be transmitted. Other Sound Facts • Sound waves eventually stop because all the energy in the ...
Hearing Physiology - Virtual Learning Environment
... Electrical potential of around +80 millivolts exists all the time between endolymph and perilymph, with positivity within the cochlear duct and negativity outside. This is known as endocochlear potential. This potential is created through repeated release of K+ ions into the cochlear duct through st ...
... Electrical potential of around +80 millivolts exists all the time between endolymph and perilymph, with positivity within the cochlear duct and negativity outside. This is known as endocochlear potential. This potential is created through repeated release of K+ ions into the cochlear duct through st ...
Bryde`s Whales - Auckland Council
... Bryde’s whales – Tohorā: Very special, nationally significant qualities are recognised in the designation Hauraki Gulf Marine Park. Among these features is an unusual diversity and abundance of marine mammals. Most frequently encountered around the Hauraki Gulf are common dolphins, sometimes in grou ...
... Bryde’s whales – Tohorā: Very special, nationally significant qualities are recognised in the designation Hauraki Gulf Marine Park. Among these features is an unusual diversity and abundance of marine mammals. Most frequently encountered around the Hauraki Gulf are common dolphins, sometimes in grou ...
read - StarkeyPro
... tones, speech reception, and speech recognition. In concert with JCIH recommendations (2007), the test battery includes: 1. Otoscopic examination and acoustic immittance measures of middle ear function; as with any infant, infants with AN may develop middle ear dysfunction and otitis media with eff ...
... tones, speech reception, and speech recognition. In concert with JCIH recommendations (2007), the test battery includes: 1. Otoscopic examination and acoustic immittance measures of middle ear function; as with any infant, infants with AN may develop middle ear dysfunction and otitis media with eff ...
Hearing in a diurnal, mute butterfly, Morpho peleides
... Yack, unpubl.). Although the VO has morphological features of a tympanal ear, there is little experimental evidence that it even functions in hearing. Only one physiological study has confirmed that nerve branches supplying the VO respond to sound (Yack et al., 2000). However, the species studied, Ha ...
... Yack, unpubl.). Although the VO has morphological features of a tympanal ear, there is little experimental evidence that it even functions in hearing. Only one physiological study has confirmed that nerve branches supplying the VO respond to sound (Yack et al., 2000). However, the species studied, Ha ...
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control of Attention in the Prefrontal
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
Auditory physiology chapter
... The difference in frequency that a listener can barely detect corresponds to a difference in physical location along the cochlea of about 10 microns (1 micron = one millionth of a meter, or one thousandth of a millimeter). This distance, in turn, is approximately the width of a single auditory recep ...
... The difference in frequency that a listener can barely detect corresponds to a difference in physical location along the cochlea of about 10 microns (1 micron = one millionth of a meter, or one thousandth of a millimeter). This distance, in turn, is approximately the width of a single auditory recep ...
Arterial Blood Supply to the Auditory Cortex of the Chinchilla
... Position of auditory cortex Optical imaging of intrinsic signals essentially shows areas of increased blood ow that are directly related to metabolic demands of activity in the auditory cortex resulting from acoustic stimulation. Fig. 1 shows results from three typical subjects. Each panel shows a ...
... Position of auditory cortex Optical imaging of intrinsic signals essentially shows areas of increased blood ow that are directly related to metabolic demands of activity in the auditory cortex resulting from acoustic stimulation. Fig. 1 shows results from three typical subjects. Each panel shows a ...
Behavioural Brain Research Multisensory contributions to the
... reduction in the variance of the resulting percept (see [24]). In the particular case of vibratory patterns, the senses of hearing and touch are not only sensitive to the very same class of physical events but, within a certain range of frequencies, the very same vibratory stimulus can be experience ...
... reduction in the variance of the resulting percept (see [24]). In the particular case of vibratory patterns, the senses of hearing and touch are not only sensitive to the very same class of physical events but, within a certain range of frequencies, the very same vibratory stimulus can be experience ...
aud
... The difference in frequency that a listener can barely detect corresponds to a difference in physical location along the cochlea of about 10 microns (1 micron = one millionth of a meter, or one thousandth of a millimeter). This distance, in turn, is approximately the width of a single auditory recep ...
... The difference in frequency that a listener can barely detect corresponds to a difference in physical location along the cochlea of about 10 microns (1 micron = one millionth of a meter, or one thousandth of a millimeter). This distance, in turn, is approximately the width of a single auditory recep ...
30 Hearing - Semantic Scholar
... the dull roar of the stadium. This ability depends upon the almost miraculous feats of hair cells, the receptors of the internal ear. Similar hair cells are also responsible for our sense of equilibrium. Human hearing commences when the cochlea, the snail-shaped receptor organ of the inner ear, tran ...
... the dull roar of the stadium. This ability depends upon the almost miraculous feats of hair cells, the receptors of the internal ear. Similar hair cells are also responsible for our sense of equilibrium. Human hearing commences when the cochlea, the snail-shaped receptor organ of the inner ear, tran ...
Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals. Echolocating animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to locate and identify the objects. Echolocation is used for navigation and for foraging (or hunting) in various environments. Some blind humans have learned to find their way using clicks produced by a device or by mouth.Echolocating animals include some mammals and a few birds; most notably microchiropteran bats and odontocetes (toothed whales and dolphins), but also in simpler form in other groups such as shrews, one genus of megachiropteran bats (Rousettus) and two cave dwelling bird groups, the so-called cave swiftlets in the genus Aerodramus (formerly Collocalia) and the unrelated Oilbird Steatornis caripensis.