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... was performed to ensure ease of breathing throughout the experiment. Primary auditory cortex and several nearby auditory fields were exposed via craniotomy and durotomy. Four parylene-coated tungsten microelectrodes (1–2 MΩ) were simultaneously lowered to layer IV of right primary auditory cortex (∼6 ...
... was performed to ensure ease of breathing throughout the experiment. Primary auditory cortex and several nearby auditory fields were exposed via craniotomy and durotomy. Four parylene-coated tungsten microelectrodes (1–2 MΩ) were simultaneously lowered to layer IV of right primary auditory cortex (∼6 ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... that was rescued by expression of exogenous Kiaa0319 (Paracchini et al. 2006). Control transfection animals received a scrambled sequence control of Kiaa0319 shRNA, also previously used, that contained 6 bases in the sequence scrambled to render the shRNA inactive in terms of reducing Kiaa0319 expre ...
... that was rescued by expression of exogenous Kiaa0319 (Paracchini et al. 2006). Control transfection animals received a scrambled sequence control of Kiaa0319 shRNA, also previously used, that contained 6 bases in the sequence scrambled to render the shRNA inactive in terms of reducing Kiaa0319 expre ...
Central Lateral Line and Auditory Pathways: A Phylogenetic
... pressure transducers) coupled to the labyrinth (van Bergeijk, 1967). Inner ear auditory receptors were thought to be the last peripheral octavolateralis component to evolve, occurring during the rhipidistianamphibian transition with the appearance of a middle ear transmission apparatus and new recep ...
... pressure transducers) coupled to the labyrinth (van Bergeijk, 1967). Inner ear auditory receptors were thought to be the last peripheral octavolateralis component to evolve, occurring during the rhipidistianamphibian transition with the appearance of a middle ear transmission apparatus and new recep ...
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... natural circuitry by perturbing the circuitry to generate percepts (Stanley, 2013). The ability to perturb activity within a system can provide important insights into the contribution of its components. Several previous studies have shown that animals can detect a focal stimulation of A1 with a wea ...
... natural circuitry by perturbing the circuitry to generate percepts (Stanley, 2013). The ability to perturb activity within a system can provide important insights into the contribution of its components. Several previous studies have shown that animals can detect a focal stimulation of A1 with a wea ...
University of Groningen The hearing brain in males and
... neurons, which transmit information from one brain region to another by electrochemical impulses. Local neuronal electrical activity is a measure of local brain activity. The most direct, but also invasive, way of studying brain activity in the living brain is direct single cell recording, i.e. an e ...
... neurons, which transmit information from one brain region to another by electrochemical impulses. Local neuronal electrical activity is a measure of local brain activity. The most direct, but also invasive, way of studying brain activity in the living brain is direct single cell recording, i.e. an e ...
Regional and laminar distribution of the vesicular glutamate
... also found that both transporters were colocalized in many layer IV terminals. This appears to confirm an earlier observation in rats in which VGluT1 and VGluT2 mRNA were co-expressed in nearly all neurons in the primary sensory relay nuclei of the thalamus (Barroso-Chinea et al., 2007). In the MGC, ...
... also found that both transporters were colocalized in many layer IV terminals. This appears to confirm an earlier observation in rats in which VGluT1 and VGluT2 mRNA were co-expressed in nearly all neurons in the primary sensory relay nuclei of the thalamus (Barroso-Chinea et al., 2007). In the MGC, ...
XVI. COMMUNICATIONS BIOPHYSICS W. Dr. Ursula
... stimuli in the form of a decrease of amplitude in the steady-state response begins at rates between Z/sec and 100/sec. For rates between 100/sec and 400/sec, wherein the peripheral responses are still synchronized with the stimulus frequency, only the first few (1-3) responses are larger in size tha ...
... stimuli in the form of a decrease of amplitude in the steady-state response begins at rates between Z/sec and 100/sec. For rates between 100/sec and 400/sec, wherein the peripheral responses are still synchronized with the stimulus frequency, only the first few (1-3) responses are larger in size tha ...
Is neocortex essentially multisensory?
... auditory spatial targets when stimuli are near threshold. When the anterior ectosylvian sulcus or the rostral lateral suprasylvian sulcus is cryogenically inactivated, the multisensory behavioral enhancement is disrupted, but the inactivation does not impair orientation to unimodally presented targe ...
... auditory spatial targets when stimuli are near threshold. When the anterior ectosylvian sulcus or the rostral lateral suprasylvian sulcus is cryogenically inactivated, the multisensory behavioral enhancement is disrupted, but the inactivation does not impair orientation to unimodally presented targe ...
Treatment of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
... A genetic form of conductive hearing loss is otosclerosis, in which there is bony fixation of the stapes (the third little bone of hearing in the middle ear), where sound can’t get to the middle ear. Otosclerosis usually presents with hearing loss in early adulthood. Otosclerosis can successfully be ...
... A genetic form of conductive hearing loss is otosclerosis, in which there is bony fixation of the stapes (the third little bone of hearing in the middle ear), where sound can’t get to the middle ear. Otosclerosis usually presents with hearing loss in early adulthood. Otosclerosis can successfully be ...
Anatomical Evidence of Multimodal Integration in Primate
... processing (Hikosaka et al., 1988; Calvert et al., 2001). Previous anatomical and single-unit recording studies point to multisensory integration in polysensory areas located in temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). However there is recent electrophysiological and brain imagi ...
... processing (Hikosaka et al., 1988; Calvert et al., 2001). Previous anatomical and single-unit recording studies point to multisensory integration in polysensory areas located in temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). However there is recent electrophysiological and brain imagi ...
A neural basis for a false memory
... et al., 2006). Respiration is a sensitive measure of behavioral state and associative learning, the latter first described by Sherrington (1900). Respiration was detected as breathing-related thermal fluctuations by a glass-encapsulated thermistor attached to a lightweight pedestal-mounted assembly pr ...
... et al., 2006). Respiration is a sensitive measure of behavioral state and associative learning, the latter first described by Sherrington (1900). Respiration was detected as breathing-related thermal fluctuations by a glass-encapsulated thermistor attached to a lightweight pedestal-mounted assembly pr ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... upper cutoff frequency (22 kHz in Fig. 2E). The upper frequency edge of the response is sharp at all levels with inhibition sometimes visible at higher frequencies. Auditory nerve fibers in ears with acoustic trauma often show tuning curves with similar low-pass behavior, appearing to be derived fro ...
... upper cutoff frequency (22 kHz in Fig. 2E). The upper frequency edge of the response is sharp at all levels with inhibition sometimes visible at higher frequencies. Auditory nerve fibers in ears with acoustic trauma often show tuning curves with similar low-pass behavior, appearing to be derived fro ...
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... the paired tone. In the third part of the dissertation I explored induction of experiencedependent plasticity using modulation of attentional mechanisms. It has been previously demonstrated that paying attention to a tone for a tone discrimination task stimulates the nucleus basalis to release corti ...
... the paired tone. In the third part of the dissertation I explored induction of experiencedependent plasticity using modulation of attentional mechanisms. It has been previously demonstrated that paying attention to a tone for a tone discrimination task stimulates the nucleus basalis to release corti ...
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... airborne vibration are filtered on the sensory level and that on the central nervous system level, the extracted vibration signals are integrated with other sensory signals for executing quick adaptive motor response. Keywords: vibration; wingbeat; bristle; proprioceptors; Bombyx; Johnston’s organ; ...
... airborne vibration are filtered on the sensory level and that on the central nervous system level, the extracted vibration signals are integrated with other sensory signals for executing quick adaptive motor response. Keywords: vibration; wingbeat; bristle; proprioceptors; Bombyx; Johnston’s organ; ...
1. Materials and Methods
... these statements seem trivial, understanding what brain mechanisms reside behind the brain’s capacity to extract a single meaning – ‘knocking’ – from such different modalities is far from trivial. The ventral premotor cortex (area F5, Fig. 1A) of the monkey contains a class of neurons called ‘audiov ...
... these statements seem trivial, understanding what brain mechanisms reside behind the brain’s capacity to extract a single meaning – ‘knocking’ – from such different modalities is far from trivial. The ventral premotor cortex (area F5, Fig. 1A) of the monkey contains a class of neurons called ‘audiov ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... In contrast, in the ventral auditory pathway, the computational mechanisms that lead from the coding of the sensory features of an auditory stimulus to higher-order representations are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas o ...
... In contrast, in the ventral auditory pathway, the computational mechanisms that lead from the coding of the sensory features of an auditory stimulus to higher-order representations are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas o ...
Myringoplasty Ossiculoplasty
... The structures in the middle ear (see above) can very rarely be damaged in the operation. Hearing – some hearing loss may occur from the disturbance to the bones of hearing in the middle ear. Very rarely, disturbance to the inner ear can cause complete deafness that is irreversible (only on the oper ...
... The structures in the middle ear (see above) can very rarely be damaged in the operation. Hearing – some hearing loss may occur from the disturbance to the bones of hearing in the middle ear. Very rarely, disturbance to the inner ear can cause complete deafness that is irreversible (only on the oper ...
Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
... the article, Multisensory Auditory–Visual Interactions during Early Sensory Processing in Humans: A High-Density Electrical Mapping Study, in Elsevier states that an auditory cue takes less than half the amount of time to reach the cortex than does a visual cue (Foxe, 2002). Even in neonates the rea ...
... the article, Multisensory Auditory–Visual Interactions during Early Sensory Processing in Humans: A High-Density Electrical Mapping Study, in Elsevier states that an auditory cue takes less than half the amount of time to reach the cortex than does a visual cue (Foxe, 2002). Even in neonates the rea ...
Firing activities of auditory cortical neurons during categorical task
... identical. Perception of such relationships between frequencies is prominent for humans from early stages of development (Chang and Trehub, 1977; Trehub et al., 1984). Humans readily identify and memorize melodies by the sequential up-and-down patterning of the pitches of adjacent tones in a tune (D ...
... identical. Perception of such relationships between frequencies is prominent for humans from early stages of development (Chang and Trehub, 1977; Trehub et al., 1984). Humans readily identify and memorize melodies by the sequential up-and-down patterning of the pitches of adjacent tones in a tune (D ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... are delineated largely by their tonotopic organization and anatomical criteria. The reasons for why there are so many areas are not known, and how each of them, together or separately, relate to behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors ...
... are delineated largely by their tonotopic organization and anatomical criteria. The reasons for why there are so many areas are not known, and how each of them, together or separately, relate to behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... funnel formed by the bat’s pinna, and positioned adjacent to the external auditory meatus. The pinna was folded over the housing of the loudspeaker and wrapped with Scotch tape. The binaural cross-talk with this arrangement was attenuated by 35–40 dB. Spikes were fed to a window discriminator and th ...
... funnel formed by the bat’s pinna, and positioned adjacent to the external auditory meatus. The pinna was folded over the housing of the loudspeaker and wrapped with Scotch tape. The binaural cross-talk with this arrangement was attenuated by 35–40 dB. Spikes were fed to a window discriminator and th ...
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... evaluated how changes in receptive field structure and temporal fidelity can arise from shortterm experience with these sounds based on a spike-timing dependent plasticity model. In summary this thesis documents for the first time 1) how FM sweeps of one octave width are represented along three rela ...
... evaluated how changes in receptive field structure and temporal fidelity can arise from shortterm experience with these sounds based on a spike-timing dependent plasticity model. In summary this thesis documents for the first time 1) how FM sweeps of one octave width are represented along three rela ...
Neural Correlates of Vibrissa Resonance: Band
... Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 ...
... Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS. Typically, VAS was represented by an array of 1650 waveform pairs spaced at 4.5 or 98 intervals; at each direction the pair of signals, appropriate for the left and right ears, was simulated digitally. Signal int ...
... elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS. Typically, VAS was represented by an array of 1650 waveform pairs spaced at 4.5 or 98 intervals; at each direction the pair of signals, appropriate for the left and right ears, was simulated digitally. Signal int ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... techniques. We used a custom-made multielectrode drive that allowed us to move up to eight electrodes independently. The minimum interelectrode distance was ⬎2.0 mm. Guide tubes were used to penetrate the overlying tissue growth and dura. Electrodes were glass-coated tungsten wire with impedances be ...
... techniques. We used a custom-made multielectrode drive that allowed us to move up to eight electrodes independently. The minimum interelectrode distance was ⬎2.0 mm. Guide tubes were used to penetrate the overlying tissue growth and dura. Electrodes were glass-coated tungsten wire with impedances be ...
Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals. Echolocating animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to locate and identify the objects. Echolocation is used for navigation and for foraging (or hunting) in various environments. Some blind humans have learned to find their way using clicks produced by a device or by mouth.Echolocating animals include some mammals and a few birds; most notably microchiropteran bats and odontocetes (toothed whales and dolphins), but also in simpler form in other groups such as shrews, one genus of megachiropteran bats (Rousettus) and two cave dwelling bird groups, the so-called cave swiftlets in the genus Aerodramus (formerly Collocalia) and the unrelated Oilbird Steatornis caripensis.