The Auditory System
... hair cells are innervated by the peripheral processes of bipolar ganglion cells in the spiral ganglion. Their central processes form the cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuc ...
... hair cells are innervated by the peripheral processes of bipolar ganglion cells in the spiral ganglion. Their central processes form the cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuc ...
Starosta, S., Güntürkün, O., Stüttgen, M.C., Stimulus
... progressively dissimilar to S+; thereby, response rates provided a behavioral index of reward expectancy. We found that many NCL neurons’ responses were modulated in the stimulus discrimination phase, the outcome phase, or both. A substantial fraction of neurons increased firing for cues predicting ...
... progressively dissimilar to S+; thereby, response rates provided a behavioral index of reward expectancy. We found that many NCL neurons’ responses were modulated in the stimulus discrimination phase, the outcome phase, or both. A substantial fraction of neurons increased firing for cues predicting ...
ABSTRACT The Auditory Brainstem Response: History and Future
... pathway, it may be possible to determine the location of the problem. The methods of measuring and using the ABR have changed over the years as research has broadened understanding of how to interpret the output. The ABR is a powerful tool in measuring brain function, and it has been employed in man ...
... pathway, it may be possible to determine the location of the problem. The methods of measuring and using the ABR have changed over the years as research has broadened understanding of how to interpret the output. The ABR is a powerful tool in measuring brain function, and it has been employed in man ...
Chadha_umd_0117E_15128 - DRUM
... be explored, the ability of flying animals (specifically insects) to sense airflow as a feedback mechanism for flight control has been investigated for over half a century. Research on the morphology and physiology of airflow sensors, and processing of responses by the nervous system provide valuabl ...
... be explored, the ability of flying animals (specifically insects) to sense airflow as a feedback mechanism for flight control has been investigated for over half a century. Research on the morphology and physiology of airflow sensors, and processing of responses by the nervous system provide valuabl ...
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF HOMOROCORYPHUS
... wing movements occur at a rate of 140/second. Many tettigoniids emit in the sonic range, i.e. their dominant frequency of emission is audible to the human ear, but these songs also contain ultrasonic components. The amplitude of emission is high. These characteristics correlate with the cryptic and ...
... wing movements occur at a rate of 140/second. Many tettigoniids emit in the sonic range, i.e. their dominant frequency of emission is audible to the human ear, but these songs also contain ultrasonic components. The amplitude of emission is high. These characteristics correlate with the cryptic and ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... evoked responses were obtained. In some cases, this procedure was repeated one or more times to increase the muscimol dose. In later experiments, to investigate reversal of inhibition by picrotoxin (0.01-100 M in saline; Sigma), we used a lower concentration of muscimol (200 M, 0.5-2.0 µl). After ...
... evoked responses were obtained. In some cases, this procedure was repeated one or more times to increase the muscimol dose. In later experiments, to investigate reversal of inhibition by picrotoxin (0.01-100 M in saline; Sigma), we used a lower concentration of muscimol (200 M, 0.5-2.0 µl). After ...
The Neurons of the Medial Geniculate Body in the Mustached Bat
... organization that subserves auditory thalamic function in an echolocating mammal can be compared with its terrestrial counterparts. A related issue is whether peripheral specializations, such as a fovea or enhanced vibrissal sensibility, have a central neural correlate throughout their sensory pathw ...
... organization that subserves auditory thalamic function in an echolocating mammal can be compared with its terrestrial counterparts. A related issue is whether peripheral specializations, such as a fovea or enhanced vibrissal sensibility, have a central neural correlate throughout their sensory pathw ...
download file
... 4 Features of sensory input direct receptive-field size and structure In the auditory system, receptive fields are described by tuning curves that quantify neural selectivity for tones over a limited range of frequency and intensity. Several investigators have demonstrated that these receptive fields c ...
... 4 Features of sensory input direct receptive-field size and structure In the auditory system, receptive fields are described by tuning curves that quantify neural selectivity for tones over a limited range of frequency and intensity. Several investigators have demonstrated that these receptive fields c ...
Organization of Inhibitory Frequency Receptive Fields in Cat Primary
... filling an equally spaced grid of 45 frequencies and 15 intensities. There are no lines where there was no response even though a stimulus was presented. In this and later figures, the best excitatory frequency (BEF) tone’s spectral composition (e.g., 10 kHz at 40 dB in A) is marked on the single-to ...
... filling an equally spaced grid of 45 frequencies and 15 intensities. There are no lines where there was no response even though a stimulus was presented. In this and later figures, the best excitatory frequency (BEF) tone’s spectral composition (e.g., 10 kHz at 40 dB in A) is marked on the single-to ...
functional classes of neurons in primary auditory cortex of the cat
... 1970; Imig and Adrian, 1977). Units with different responses to binaural stimulation are topographically segregated within AI, forming rostrocaudally oriented bands (“binaural interaction bands”) that cross the axis of isofrequency contours (Imig and Brugge, 1978; Middlebrooks et al., 1980). It has ...
... 1970; Imig and Adrian, 1977). Units with different responses to binaural stimulation are topographically segregated within AI, forming rostrocaudally oriented bands (“binaural interaction bands”) that cross the axis of isofrequency contours (Imig and Brugge, 1978; Middlebrooks et al., 1980). It has ...
Distinct Mechanisms for Processing Spatial Sequences and Pitch
... before further processing of those specific attributes in distinct cortical areas (Griffiths and Warren, 2002). PT is a large region of auditory association cortex, occupying the superior temporal plane posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG) (Westbury et al., 1999). PT is involved in processing many diffe ...
... before further processing of those specific attributes in distinct cortical areas (Griffiths and Warren, 2002). PT is a large region of auditory association cortex, occupying the superior temporal plane posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG) (Westbury et al., 1999). PT is involved in processing many diffe ...
Cetacean Brain Evolution: Dwarf Sperm Whale (Kogia sima) and
... with special emphasis on the characteristics of the odontocete bauplan including functional as well as evolutionary implications. To date, no adequate microslide series of Kogia brains have been reported in the literature which could serve as a correlative for MRI as shown for the common dolphin [Oe ...
... with special emphasis on the characteristics of the odontocete bauplan including functional as well as evolutionary implications. To date, no adequate microslide series of Kogia brains have been reported in the literature which could serve as a correlative for MRI as shown for the common dolphin [Oe ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... variable frequency and level. When a neuron was first isolated, diotic pure-tone response maps were measured to determine its frequency selectivity. The tones were presented at 30 dB attenuation (⬃70 dB SPL) over a six-octave range centered at 5 kHz (16 steps per octave) for a duration of 200 ms wit ...
... variable frequency and level. When a neuron was first isolated, diotic pure-tone response maps were measured to determine its frequency selectivity. The tones were presented at 30 dB attenuation (⬃70 dB SPL) over a six-octave range centered at 5 kHz (16 steps per octave) for a duration of 200 ms wit ...
A neuronal network model of primary visual cortex explains spatial
... The spatial coupling coefficients a j−k , bj−k are each Gaussian functions of cortical distance between cells j, k. The Gaussian length scales for excitation and inhibition are 200 and 100 μm, respectively, derived from neuroanatomical measurements as in McLaughlin et al. (2000). In our network, we ...
... The spatial coupling coefficients a j−k , bj−k are each Gaussian functions of cortical distance between cells j, k. The Gaussian length scales for excitation and inhibition are 200 and 100 μm, respectively, derived from neuroanatomical measurements as in McLaughlin et al. (2000). In our network, we ...
An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical
... valence) of a given object (or event) and applies across sensory domains such that, for instance, unpleasant smells and sad facial expressions are negatively valenced while pleasant smells and happy facial expressions are positively valenced. However, while functional neuroimaging work has shown tha ...
... valence) of a given object (or event) and applies across sensory domains such that, for instance, unpleasant smells and sad facial expressions are negatively valenced while pleasant smells and happy facial expressions are positively valenced. However, while functional neuroimaging work has shown tha ...
Perceptual and Semantic Contributions to
... Stimuli were likewise analyzed in terms of their mean harmonics-tonoise ratio (HNR), which was calculated using PRAAT software (http:// www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/). This is a method to quantify and compare dynamic acoustic properties (i.e., periodicity) of sounds (Lewis et al. 2005). The mean (±stand ...
... Stimuli were likewise analyzed in terms of their mean harmonics-tonoise ratio (HNR), which was calculated using PRAAT software (http:// www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/). This is a method to quantify and compare dynamic acoustic properties (i.e., periodicity) of sounds (Lewis et al. 2005). The mean (±stand ...
The what, where and how of auditory
... Identifying an auditory object involves assigning elements of the incoming sensory input into one or more sources. Several of the cues that are used to group auditory stimuli into objects can be classified as ‘simultaneous cues’ (REF. 11). We automatically group the elements of a visual scene, such ...
... Identifying an auditory object involves assigning elements of the incoming sensory input into one or more sources. Several of the cues that are used to group auditory stimuli into objects can be classified as ‘simultaneous cues’ (REF. 11). We automatically group the elements of a visual scene, such ...
physiological reviews
... also, but it now seems (45, 152, 219, 218) that endolymph contains no more protein than cerebrospinal fluid, and that perilymph may contain twice as much. The perilymphatic space communicates with the cerebrospinal space by the cochlear aqueduct and by perineural and perivascular spaces in the inter ...
... also, but it now seems (45, 152, 219, 218) that endolymph contains no more protein than cerebrospinal fluid, and that perilymph may contain twice as much. The perilymphatic space communicates with the cerebrospinal space by the cochlear aqueduct and by perineural and perivascular spaces in the inter ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... Zhang and Delay, 2007). However, the hypothesis that these two extra-hypothalamic GnRH systems can directly modulate sensory processing in the brain has received only limited experimental testing (Kawai et al., 2010; Kinoshita et al., 2007), and little is known about how GnRH might influence other re ...
... Zhang and Delay, 2007). However, the hypothesis that these two extra-hypothalamic GnRH systems can directly modulate sensory processing in the brain has received only limited experimental testing (Kawai et al., 2010; Kinoshita et al., 2007), and little is known about how GnRH might influence other re ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... processed in close vicinity at AC. The tonotopy set limits to the frequency resolution, but under selective attention the frequency-based segregation succeeds even in conditions where the signal and noise are overlapping in frequency. The aim of the study was to explore these underlying short-term n ...
... processed in close vicinity at AC. The tonotopy set limits to the frequency resolution, but under selective attention the frequency-based segregation succeeds even in conditions where the signal and noise are overlapping in frequency. The aim of the study was to explore these underlying short-term n ...
PDF
... mapping. The presence of orderly tonotopic representations is a key feature of the three core areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary audit ...
... mapping. The presence of orderly tonotopic representations is a key feature of the three core areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary audit ...
J Neurophysiol - University of Connecticut
... 1A). In all locations, the STRF procedure was performed on the typically dominant, contralateral ear; in 75% of the recordings, we performed an independent STRF calculation for the ipsilateral ear. Only units with robust STRF features from one or both ears were analyzed further. The presence of robu ...
... 1A). In all locations, the STRF procedure was performed on the typically dominant, contralateral ear; in 75% of the recordings, we performed an independent STRF calculation for the ipsilateral ear. Only units with robust STRF features from one or both ears were analyzed further. The presence of robu ...
Preferred visually evoked spatial and temporal frequencies in
... Variations in light reflected from all parts of our physical world create an image that is represented and processed in our visual system. In mammals the visual cortex is essential for processing of visual input from the eyes. The region is divided into different areas and this study will focus on t ...
... Variations in light reflected from all parts of our physical world create an image that is represented and processed in our visual system. In mammals the visual cortex is essential for processing of visual input from the eyes. The region is divided into different areas and this study will focus on t ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... that was rescued by expression of exogenous Kiaa0319 (Paracchini et al. 2006). Control transfection animals received a scrambled sequence control of Kiaa0319 shRNA, also previously used, that contained 6 bases in the sequence scrambled to render the shRNA inactive in terms of reducing Kiaa0319 expre ...
... that was rescued by expression of exogenous Kiaa0319 (Paracchini et al. 2006). Control transfection animals received a scrambled sequence control of Kiaa0319 shRNA, also previously used, that contained 6 bases in the sequence scrambled to render the shRNA inactive in terms of reducing Kiaa0319 expre ...
Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals. Echolocating animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to locate and identify the objects. Echolocation is used for navigation and for foraging (or hunting) in various environments. Some blind humans have learned to find their way using clicks produced by a device or by mouth.Echolocating animals include some mammals and a few birds; most notably microchiropteran bats and odontocetes (toothed whales and dolphins), but also in simpler form in other groups such as shrews, one genus of megachiropteran bats (Rousettus) and two cave dwelling bird groups, the so-called cave swiftlets in the genus Aerodramus (formerly Collocalia) and the unrelated Oilbird Steatornis caripensis.