Download Welcome to the Chapter 12 Test!

Welcome to the Chapter 12 Test!
Please set up your answer sheet like this:
Name #1
Name #2
Date, Period
Chapter 12 Test
Instructions:
• The test is in the same style as a visual quiz. However, you
get to work at your own pace.
• You can discuss each answer with your table partner.
• Together, you will turn in one set of answers.
• Discuss each answer before writing!
• During the discussion, decide which concepts from the
notes to include in your answer.
• Remember to underline each concept.
• If you can’t whisper, you will work alone.
Good luck, and remember to whisper
when discussing your answers!
Also remember to turn in your study
guide along with your answers
1. Describe the structure of a DNA molecule using scientific
vocabulary.
2. Explain how a single DNA strand is held together. Be sure
to include the type of bond involved.
3. Explain how the two strands in DNA are held together. Be
sure to include the type of bond involved.
4. Explain why all living things on Earth are able to use the
same 4 nucleotides (A, T, C, G) in their DNA.
5. The DNA molecule below has 8 adenine nucleotides and 8
thymine nucleotides. Explain why the number of A’s is always
equal to the number of T’s in DNA.
GC TGCATAC C T TAC TGCG
C GA C G T A T GGAA T GA C G C
6. Identify the nucleotide below as either thymine (T) or
adenine (A), and defend your answer USING SCIENTIFIC
VOCABULARY.
7. Explain why cells replicate their DNA before dividing.
8. Explain why DNA replication is considered a chemical
reaction, and explain why this reaction will not occur without
the help of enzymes.
9. Identify the enzymes labeled B, and describe their function
in DNA replication.
B
A
B
10. Identify the enzyme labeled A, and describe its function in
DNA replication.
B
A
B
11. The diagram below shows the final result of DNA
replication. State which parts of the diagram are identical,
and which parts are complementary.
12. Explain how DNA polymerase “knows” which nucleotide
to add when building a new DNA strand.
13. Describe what is happening in the diagram below, and
defend your answer with evidence from the diagram.
14. Explain why DNA must be transcribed in order for protein
to be made.
15. Explain why DNA and mRNA contain different nucleotides
and different sugars.
16. The diagram below shows a DNA molecule before
transcription.
a. Transcribe the bottom DNA strand into mRNA
b. Explain why only one DNA strand is used as a
template during transcription
GC TGCATAC C T TAC TGCG
C GA C G T A T GGAA T GA C G C
17. Explain why mRNA is a much shorter molecule than DNA.
mRNA
DNA
C GUAUG
GC TGCATAC C T TAC TGCG
C GA C G T A T GGAA T GA C G C
18. Describe how a ribosome reads mRNA during translation.
Be sure to include scientific vocabulary in your answer.
ribosome
19. As the ribosome reads mRNA, a protein starts to form.
Explain how the necessary amino acids are brought to the
ribosome during translation.
ribosome
20. Identify the yellow amino acid, and defend your answer.
ribosome
21. State whether the next amino acid will be red or blue, and
defend your answer using scientific vocabulary.
C GA
UAC
ribosome
22. Translate the mRNA from question 16a into protein.
23. A The diagram below shows a mutation in mRNA. State
whether this mutation is neutral or non-neutral, and defend
your answer.
A C UGGAUA C GUA A C C GUG
A C UGGAUA C GUA A C A
C GUG
24. The diagram below shows a frameshift mutation in mRNA.
Explain why this mutation will have a big impact on the final
protein.
A C UGGAUA C GUA A C C GUG
A C UGAUA C GUA A C C GUG