Download Appendix 11-Final examination of FOSC 4040 question

FOSC 4040 Forensic Serology and DNA I
Final Examination
(1) Which of the following types of evidence are generally considered to be biological evidence
found at crime scenes?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
drugs
blood
synthetic textiles
bullets
none of the above
2) Semenogelin is more abundant in semen than in other body fluids
(a) true
(b) false
3) What of the following molecules is detected in a presumptive test for semen?
(a) hemoglobin
(b) semenogelin
(c) prostate specific antigen
(d) acid phosphatase
4) The clumping of erythrocytes by anti-blood group antibodies is called coagulation?
(a) true
(b) false
5) The fluid from blood that has not clotted is called:
(a) plasma
(b) serum
(c) monocytes
(d) all of the above
(e) none of the above
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6) The heme group is found in abundance in which of the following blood cells?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Erythrocytes
Leucocytes
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
7) For the statement antigen-antibody interactions are reversible reactions, which of the
following is correct?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
true
false
only for ABO antigens
only for protein antigens
8) The other name for white blood cells as an entire class is:
(a) erythrocytes
(b) leukocytes
(c) all of the above
(d) none of the above
9)
Which of the following can be used to identify saliva stains?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
alkaline phosphatase
acid phosphatase
alpha amylase
beta amylase
10) What molecule in blood cells transports oxygen to various tissues
(a) immunoglobulin G
(b) semenogelin
(c) Prostate specific antigen
(d) alpha amylase
(e) hemoglobin
11) The diagram below is an example of what kind of test?
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Double immunodiffusion
Lateral flow immunoassay
Radial immunodiffusion
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
None of the above
12) Hypervariable domains of antibodies are found at which of the following?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
N-terminal region
C-terminal region
Both N-terminal region and C-terminal region
Hinge region
J-chain
13) Hypervariable domains of antibodies are which of the following?
(f) Regions where amino acid sequence is more identical than other parts of the molecule
(g) Regions where amino acid sequence is more different than other parts of the molecule
(h) Regions where amino acid sequence is replaced by nucleotides compared to other parts of
the molecule
(i) All of the above
(j) None of the above
14) The Ka for an antigen-antibody reaction is represented by which of the following equations?
(a)
(b)
(c)
[Ag] [Ab]
-----------[AgAb]
[AgAb]
-----------[Ag] [Ab]
[Ag]
3
-----------[AgAb]
(d)
[AgAb]
-----------[Ab]
(e) none of the above
15) Which of the following is more likely to contain multiple epitopes?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
cocaine
testosterone
amphetamine
hemoglobin
water
16) Which one of the following tests for blood produces a pink color when positive?
(a) Tetramethyl benzidine
(b) phenolphthalein
(c) lateral flow immunoassay
(d) fluorescein
17) Which of the following types of test most usually involves the use of two different
monoclonal antibodies to the same antigen?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
coagulation
lateral flow immunochromatographic assay
double immunodiffusion
agglutination
none of the above
18) When performing the tetramethylbenzidine test, first one adds hydrogen peroxide and then
one adds the color reagent?
(a) True
(b) False
19) Which one of the following tests for blood does not require hydrogen peroxide?
(a) Tetramethyl benzidine
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(b) phenolphthalein
(c) lateral flow immunoassay
(d) fluorescein
(e) all of the above
20) What type of antibodies would be used in a lateral flow immunoassay for blood?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
antibodies to hemoglobin
antibodies to alpha amylase
antibodies to PSA
all of the above
none of the above
21) A position on a chromosome where a gene is located is called which of the following?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
an allele
a locus
a trait
all of the above
none of the above
22) Nucleotides are found in which of the following molecules
(a) amino acids and DNA
(b) proteins and DNA
(c) DNA and RNA
(d) RNA and proteins
(e) none of the above
23) What is the name of the covalent bond that connects nucleotides in nucleic acids?
(a) hydrogen bond
(b) phosphodiester bond
(c) peptide bond
(d) DNA bond
(e) none of the above
24) What does the term denaturation mean with respect to double helical DNA?
(a) rupture of non-covalent bonds in DNA
(b) rupture of covalent bonds in DNA
(c) rupture of ionic bonds of DNA
(d) all of the above
(e) none of the above
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25) DNA complementary base pairing involves which of the following?
(a) A and T bases, C and G bases
(b) A and G bases, C and T bases
(c) A and C bases, G and T bases
(d) none of the above
26) The lower the population match probability in DNA typing(a) the more likely a DNA typing match will occur between two random individuals
(b) the less likely a DNA typing match will occur between two random individuals
(c) the less reliable the result of DNA typing
(d) none of the above
27) Forensic STR markers are usually located in
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
The endoplasmic reticulum
The golgi
Coding region of genomic DNA
Non-Coding region of genomic DNA
None of the above
28) In DNA typing, primers are designed to bind to the core region of STRs during the
polymerase chain reaction
(a) true
(b) false
29) All STR loci contain the same core region
(a) true
(b) false
30) Which of the following is the order in which the different major events in a PCR cycle
occur?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Denaturation, annealing, extension
Annealing, denaturation, extension
Extension, annealing, denaturation
Denaturation, extension, annealing
None of the above
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n
Normalized Fluorescence
31) In a PCR amplification graph of cycle number plotted against fluorescence as below what
does “A” represent?
D
C
B
A
Negative control
a b c d
Cycle Number
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
e
CT
Threshold value
Lag phase
Exponential phase
Plateau phase
Completion of reaction
32) In the graph in question 22, what does the CT represent?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Cycle at which amplification crosses threshold value
Cycle in lag phase
Cycle in exponential phase
Cycle in plateau phase
Completion of reaction
33) At what stage would you expect PCR product to be created most efficiently in the graph in
question 22?
(a) A
(b) C
(c) D
(d) none of the above
34) At the end of a PCR reaction, which units have been linked together covalently to create a
DNA strand complementary to the target region?
(a) Reverse primers and forward primers
(b) Polymerase
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(c) dNTPs
(d) none of the above
(e) all of the above
35) Tm is increased by increase in which of the following?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Content of A and T
Content of A and G
Content of G and T
Content of G and C
36) In multiplex PCR which of the following is true?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Multiple regions of DNA are amplified in the same test tube
Multiple regions of DNA are amplified in different test tubes
The amount of a region of DNA that is amplified is highly increased
None of the above
All of the above
37) Which one of the following synthesizes antibodies?
(a) monocytes
(b) B-lymphocytes
(c) neutrophils
(d) T-lymphocytes
38) When performing PCR reactions, primer pairs should have which of the following?
(a) very similar Tms
(b) very different Tms
(c) complementary sequences to each other
(d) at least 1000 base pairs per chain
39) Which of these would be used to identify semen in a vasectomized male?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Christmas tree stain
hemoglobin
semenogelin
Alpha amylase
None of the above
40) The region of mitochondrial DNA that shows the most inter-individual variation is called
which of the following?
a) mitochondrial STR region
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b) D loop
c) B loop
d) C loop
(41) The H strand of mtDNA is which of the following?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
The strand that contains more guanine
The strand that contains more histidine
The strand that contains more nucleotides
The strand that contains more amino acids
(42) How many different colored fluorescent dyes are used in DNA sequencing by the Sanger
method?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
1
2
3
4
5
(43) Which of the following is true?
(a) An individual may have more than one mtDNA type in a single tissue
(b) An individual may exhibit one mtDNA type in one tissue and a different type in another
tissue
(c) An individual may be heteroplasmic in one tissue and homoplasmic in another
(d) All of the above
(e) None of the above
(44) Which of the following tests works better for samples that have undergone degradation?
(a) STR typing
(b) mtDNA typing
(c) RFLP typing
(d) none of the above
(45) A lateral flow immunoassay for PSA would involve which of the following
(a) immunoreactivity of only one epitope on PSA
(b) immunoreactivity of only two different epitopes on PSA
(c) immunoreactivity of only three different epitopes on PSA
(d) immunoreactivity of only four different epitopes on PSA
(e) immunoreactivity of only five different epitopes on PSA
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(46) In the dye terminator method of DNA sequencing which of the following are fluorescently
labeled?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
dNTPS
primers
polymerase
all of the above
none of the above
(47) In the reverse blot assay for screening mtDNA samples which of the following is not true?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
PCR is performed during the assay
Hybridization of sample DNA is tested with an immobilized probe
The assay generates a fluorescence signal
None of the above
(48) In cycle sequencing which of the following applies
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
DNA ligase is used
A restriction endonuclease is used
A DNA polymerase is used
Reverse transcriptase is used
None of the above
(49) If it is possible to perform both mtDNA typing and STR typing, which should be chosen for
better “individualization”?
(a) mtDNA typing
(b) STR typing
(50) In DNA sequencing reactions which of the following is correct?
(a) chain terminating ddNTPs lack 3’ OH groups
(b) chain terminating ddNTPs possess 3’ OH groups
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