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Transcript
Cells: The Basic Unit of Life Eukaryotic Cell Cell Wall Cell Wall: rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides supports to the cell Plants and algae have cell walls made of cellulose and other materials Cell wall allow plants to stand up right Fungi have a cell wall made of chitin Eubacteria and archaebacteria also have cell walls different from plants Cell Membrane All cells have a cell membrane which is a protective barrier that enclose the cell outer most structure in a cell with out a cell wall cell membrane contain protein, lipids, and phospholipids lipids- fats and cholesterol (don’t dissolve in water) Two layers of phospholipids Hydrophobic – water fearing Hydrophilic – water loving Control the movement of materials into and out of the cell Cytoskeleton A web proteins in the cytoplasm Acts as both a muscle and a skeleton Made of three types of protein hollow tube long stringy fibers Nucleus A large organelles in a eukaryotic cell contains the cell’s DNA or genetic material DNA contains how to make a cell’s protein provide structural support for cells and tissues Nucleus is covered by two membranes materials cross through these membranes by going through pores Nucleolus - a dark area in the nucleus where cell begins to make it ribosomes Ribosomes Organelles that make proteins proteins are made of amino acids all cells need proteins to live Are the smallest organelles More ribosomes than any of organelles Some float freely in the cytoplasm Other attached to membranes or the cytoskeleton Ribosomes are not covered by a membrane all cell have ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum rough or smooth ER rough from near the nucleus, cover by ribosomes and make many of the proteins smooth makes lipids and breaks down toxic materials most of the chemical reactions take place in this part of the cell proteins, lipids and other material are made here part of the internal delivery system contain many tubes and passageways Mitochondria the main power source of a cell breaks down sugar to produce energy covered by two membranes energy stored in ATP are the size of some bacteria they have there own DNA Chloroplasts Unlike animals cell plant and algae can make their own food because they have chloroplast photosynthesis take place here which is the process by which plants and algae use sunlight, CO2 and water to make sugar and oxygen the are green because they contain chlorophyll chlorophyll traps the energy of sun Golgi Complex the organelle that packages and distributes protein looks like a smooth ER Lipids and proteins from the ER are delivered to the GC GC then modify them to do different jobs They are put into bubbles to transport them Cell Compartments Vesicle - small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell all eukaryotic cells have vesicles also move material within a cell Cellular Digestion Lysosomes - cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes they destroy worn-out or damaged organelles, get rid of waste materials, and protect the cell from the foreign invaders come in wide variety of sizes and shapes found mainly on animal cells eukaryotic cells engulf particles in vesicle Lysosomes bump into these vesicle Enzymes digest the particles in the vesicles Vacuoles a large vesicle in plant and fungal cells act like large lysosomes they store digestive enzymes and aid in digestion