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Bio07_TR__U04_CH12.QXD 5/3/06 3:44 PM Page 89 Name______________________________ Class __________________ Chapter 12 DNA and RNA Date ______________ Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. ____ 1. What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria? a. The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria. b. The mice developed pneumonia. c. The harmless bacteria died. d. The mice were unaffected. ____ 2. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? a. ribose + phosphate group + thymine b. ribose + phosphate group + uracil c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine ____ 3. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, a. each with two new strands. b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands. c. each with one new strand and one original strand. d. each with two original strands. ____ 4. During mitosis, the a. DNA molecules unwind. b. histones and DNA molecules separate. c. DNA molecules become more tightly coiled. d. nucleosomes become less tightly packed. ____ 5. Unlike DNA, RNA contains a. adenine. c. phosphate groups. b. uracil. d. thymine. ____ 6. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis? a. transfer RNA only b. messenger RNA only c. ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only d. messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA ____ 7. During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed a. that is complementary to both strands of DNA. b. that is complementary to neither strand of DNA. c. that is double-stranded. d. inside the nucleus. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 89 Bio07_TR__U04_CH12.QXD 5/3/06 3:44 PM Page 90 Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________ ____ 8. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? a. 3 c. 9 b. 6 d. 12 ____ 9. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others? a. intron c. polypeptide b. tRNA d. anticodon ____10. Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code? a. rRNA c. mRNA b. tRNA d. RNA polymerase ____11. Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation? a. inversion c. deletion b. insertion d. substitution ____12. Which of the following statements is true? a. A promoter determines whether a gene is expressed. b. An expressed gene is turned off. c. Proteins that bind to regulatory sites on DNA determine whether a gene is expressed. d. RNA polymerase regulates gene expression. ____13. A lac repressor turns off the lac genes by binding to a. the promoter. c. the operator. b. tRNA. d. the lac genes. ____14. Gene regulation in eukaryotes a. usually involves operons. b. is simpler than in prokaryotes. c. allows for cell specialization. d. includes the action of DNA polymerase. ____15. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Mutations do not occur in hox genes. b. Hox genes that are found in different animals are very different from each other. c. Hox genes control the normal development of an animal. d. Hox genes occur in clusters. X A C G A T Completion G C Complete each statement on the line provided. 16. The structure labeled X in Figure 1 is a(an) ___________________ . G C A T Figure 1 © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 90 Bio07_TR__U04_CH12.QXD 5/3/06 3:44 PM Page 91 Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________ 17. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ___________________ in proteins. 18. There is no ___________________ that is specified by a stop codon on an mRNA molecule. 19. The lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of ___________________ . 20. In eukaryotes, proteins that attract RNA polymerase bind to ___________________ sequences in DNA. Short Answer In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided. 21. At the beginning of DNA replication, what two processes “unzip” the two strands of a DNA molecule? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 22. What is the function of tRNA? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 23. According to Figure 2, what codons specify the amino acid arginine? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ine e rin G UC A G Se e cid C UC A AG Leuc Glycin ic tam cid a Glu ca r ti pa As Ala Phenylalanine _________________________________________________________________________________ e UC A sin ro Ty G U G U A C top C A S U G teine U Cys G C Valine A C A Stop U G Tryptophan G U Arginine A C A Leucine C G U e n Seri G U A C e n A i C s Ly G Pro U lin G U e ine C A g a C A r a U G p G ACU G A C U As nin e C U G A A G U C G U A C C U G Isoleucine e Meth ine ionin e e nin reo ine d sti Hi tam Glu Arginin Th A A G U C Figure 2 © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 91 Bio07_TR__U04_CH12.QXD 5/3/06 3:44 PM Page 92 Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________ 24. What happens to lac repressors in E. coli when lactose is present? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 25. Why are hox genes that are found in different animals very similar to one another? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Using Science Skills Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided. A A A A A U G U U C Phenylalanine B D Methionine U U U C U A C A A G E A U G U U C A A A G F Figure 3 26. Interpreting Graphics What process is illustrated in Figure 3? _________________________________________________________________________________ 27. Interpreting Graphics Identify structure C in Figure 3. _________________________________________________________________________________ 28. Interpreting Graphics Which labeled structure in Figure 3 is a codon? _________________________________________________________________________________ 29. Inferring What is the relationship between the codons and anticodons? How is this relationship important? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 92 Bio07_TR__U04_CH12.QXD 5/3/06 3:44 PM Page 93 Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________ 30. Predicting In Figure 3, what will happen after the ribosome joins the methionine and phenylalanine? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Essay Write the answer to each question in the space provided. 31. Describe the Hershey-Chase experiment. Why were the results important? 32. Describe the structure of a DNA molecule. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 93 Bio07_TR__U04_CH12.QXD 5/3/06 3:44 PM Page 94 Name______________________________ Class __________________ 33. Contrast the functions of the three main types of RNA. 34. Mendel might have been surprised to learn that genes simply contain the instructions for assembling proteins. What do proteins have to do with the phenotype of an organism? 35. Why do some kinds of point mutations cause greater changes in proteins than others? © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 94 Date ______________