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Name______________________________
Class __________________
Chapter 12 DNA and RNA
Date ______________
Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on
the line provided.
____ 1. What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a
mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and live
harmless bacteria?
a. The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless
bacteria.
b. The mice developed pneumonia.
c. The harmless bacteria died.
d. The mice were unaffected.
____ 2. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a. ribose + phosphate group + thymine
b. ribose + phosphate group + uracil
c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
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____ 3. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a. each with two new strands.
b. one with two new strands and the other with two original
strands.
c. each with one new strand and one original strand.
d. each with two original strands.
____ 4. During mitosis, the
a. DNA molecules unwind.
b. histones and DNA molecules separate.
c. DNA molecules become more tightly coiled.
d. nucleosomes become less tightly packed.
____ 5. Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a. adenine.
c. phosphate groups.
b. uracil.
d. thymine.
____ 6. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a. transfer RNA only
b. messenger RNA only
c. ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d. messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
____ 7. During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed
a. that is complementary to both strands of DNA.
b. that is complementary to neither strand of DNA.
c. that is double-stranded.
d. inside the nucleus.
Chapter 12 Test A 147
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
____ 8. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
a. 3
c. 9
b. 6
d. 12
____ 9. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the
others?
a. intron
c. polypeptide
b. tRNA
d. anticodon
____10. Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic
code?
a. rRNA
c. mRNA
b. tRNA
d. RNA polymerase
____11. Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation?
a. inversion
c. deletion
b. insertion
d. substitution
____12. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A promoter determines whether a gene is expressed.
b. An expressed gene is turned off.
c. Proteins that bind to regulatory sites on DNA determine
whether a gene is expressed.
d. RNA polymerase regulates gene expression.
____13. A lac repressor turns off the lac genes by binding to
a. the promoter.
b. tRNA.
c. the operator.
d. the lac genes.
____15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. Mutations do not occur in hox genes.
b. Hox genes that are found in different animals
are very different from each other.
c. Hox genes control the normal development of
an animal.
d. Hox genes occur in clusters.
X
A
C
G
A
T
G
C
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
C G
16. The structure labeled X in Figure 12-1 is a(an)
___________________ .
T A
Figure 12-1
148
Chapter 12 Test A
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____14. Gene regulation in eukaryotes
a. usually involves operons.
b. is simpler than in prokaryotes.
c. allows for cell specialization.
d. includes the action of DNA polymerase.
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
17. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ___________________ in
proteins.
18. There is no ___________________ that is specified by a stop codon on an mRNA
molecule.
19. The lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of ___________________ .
20. In eukaryotes, proteins that attract RNA polymerase bind to ___________________
sequences in DNA.
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
21. At the beginning of DNA replication, what two processes “unzip”
the two strands of a DNA molecule?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
A
B
C
ine
Se
rin
e
Leuc
G UC A
G
UC
A
A G U C
U
G
U
A
C
top
C
A S
U
G
teine
U Cys
G
C
Valine A
C
A Stop
U
G Tryptophan
G
U
e
A
Arginin
C
A Leucine
C
G
ne U
Seri
G
U
A
C
A
ine
C
Lys
G Pro
U
lin
G
e
ine
CU
A
ag
C
A
r
a
U
G
p
G ACU G A C U
As
nin
e
C
U
G
A
G U
A C
C
U G
A
A
G
U
C
e
ionin
Meth
ine
Isoleucine
e
nin
reo
e
din
Th
sti
e
____________________________
tam
____________________________
Arginin
____________________________
ine
os
r
Ty
G
Hi
____________________________
C
UC A
AG
Glu
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____________________________
Ala
e
23. According to Figure 12-3, what
codons specify the amino acid
arginine?
Glycin
____________________________
cid
____________________________
ic
tam cid
a
____________________________
ca
____________________________
____________________________
Glu
r ti
pa
As
22. In Figure 12-2, which molecule
is tRNA, and what is its
function?
Phenylalanine
Figure 12-2
Figure 12-3
Chapter 12 Test A 149
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
24. What happens to lac repressors in E. coli when lactose is present?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
25. Why are hox genes that are found in different animals very similar
to one another?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Using Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines
provided.
A
A A A
A U G U U C
Phenylalanine
B
D
Methionine
U U
U
C
U A C A A G
E
A U G U U C A A A
G
F
Figure 12-4
26. Interpreting Graphics What process is illustrated in Figure 12-4?
27. Interpreting Graphics Identify structure C in Figure 12-4.
_________________________________________________________________________________
28. Interpreting Graphics Which labeled structure in Figure 12-4 is a
codon?
_________________________________________________________________________________
29. Inferring What is the relationship between the codons and
anticodons in Figure 12-4? How is this relationship important?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
150
Chapter 12 Test A
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
_________________________________________________________________________________
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
30. Predicting In Figure 12-4, what will happen after the ribosome
joins the methionine and phenylalanine?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
31. Describe the Hershey-Chase experiment. Why were the results
important?
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32. Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
Chapter 12 Test A 151
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
33. Contrast the functions of the three main types of RNA.
34. Mendel might have been surprised to learn that genes simply
contain the instructions for assembling proteins. What do proteins
have to do with the phenotype of an organism?
35. Why do some kinds of point mutations cause greater changes in
proteins than others?
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152
Chapter 12 Test A