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Chapter 2.2 Test Review: Cell Membrane & Cell Transport - KEY
The cell membrane is also called the PLASMA membrane and is made of a phospholipid
BILAYER. The phospholipids have a hydrophilic (water attracting) HEAD and two hydrophobic
(water repelling) TAILS. The head of a phospholipid is made of an alcohol and PHOSPHATE
group, while the tails are chains of FATTY ACIDS. Phospholipids can move FREELY and allow
water and other SMALL molecules to pass through into or out of the cell. This is known as
simple DIFFUSION because it does not require ENERGY and the water or molecules are
moving DOWN the concentration gradient.
Label the phospholipids and color the heads red and the tails blue.
PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
FATTY ACID TAILS
PHOSPHATE HEADS
List the five main functions of the cell or plasma membrane.
1. PROTECTION
2. SEMI-PERMEABLE
3. COMMUNICATION
4. HOMEOSTASIS
5. RECOGNITION
Match the cell membrane structure or its function with the correct letter from the cell
membrane diagram.
__A__ Phospholipid bilayer
__B__ Integral protein
__F__ Fatty acid tails
__H__ Peripheral protein
__G__ Phosphate heads
__G__ Attracts water
__A__ Makes the bilayer
__F__ Repels water
__B__ Helps transport materials across
the cell membrane
Osmosis and Tonicity
Define osmosis: MOVEMENT OF WATER DOWN CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
Which direction does water move across membranes? WITH THE CONCENTRATION
GRADIENT (HIGH TO LOW)
Define these 3 terms:
a. Isotonic
CELL IS EQUILIBRIUM
b. Hypertonic CELL IS IN SOLUTION THAT HAS A LOWER CONCENTRATION
OF WATER, CAUSING CELL TO SHRINK
c. Hypotonic CELL IS IN SOLUTION THAT HAS A HIGHER
CONCENTRATION OF WATER, CAUSING THE CELL TO SWELL
Use arrows to show the direction of water movement into or out of each cell. Label the cell in
an isotonic environment light blue, the hypotonic environment yellow, and the hypertonic
environment light green.
HYPERTONIC
ISOTONIC
HYPOTONIC
Match the description or picture with the osmotic condition.
A. Isotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Hypotonic
__C__
__A__
__C__
__A__
__C__
__B__
__B__
__C__
__C__
Solution with a lower solute concentration
Solution in which the solute concentration is the same
Condition plant cells require
Condition that animal cells require
Red blood cell bursts (cytolysis)
Plant cell loses turgor pressure (Plasmolysis)
Solution with a higher solute concentration
Plant cell with good turgor pressure
Solution with a high water concentration
Label the tonicity for each solution (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic).
HYPOTONIC
ISOTONIC HYPERTONIC
2
What are the 3 types of solutions involved in solute concentration with cells?
1)
Hypotonic Solution “cell swelling”
2)
Hypertonic Solution “cell shrinking”
3)
Isotonic Solution “cell homeostasis”
What are the 3 types of solutions involved in solute concentration with cells?
1)
Phagocytosis “cell eating”
2)
Pinocytosis “cell drinking”
3)
Protein Pump “Na/K pump”
In which beaker is the concentration the solutes higher, A or B?
A
B
Fill in the chart below to show the differences between active and passive transport.
1. Molecules move across the plasma membrane
Active
Passive
X
X
2. Molecules move from lesser concentrations to greater concentrations
X
3. Does not require energy
X
4. Facilitated diffusion
X
5. Analogy: Rowing a boat down stream
X
6. Analogy: Pushing a boulder up a hill
X
7. Sodium potassium (Na K) pump
X
3
Semi-permeable membrane
83%
12%
5%
Water
Glucose
Fructose
65%
20%
5%
Water
Glucose
Fructose
a. Will the fructose move? NO
b. Will the glucose move? NO
c. Which way will the water move? LEFT TO RIGHT
d. What will happen to the height of the water in each side of the U tube over time? IT WILL
GO UP ON THE RIGHT SIDE AND DOWN ON THE LEFT
How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
Cold: DECREASES RATE OF DIFFUSION
Hot: INCREASES RATE OF DIFFUSION
Room Temperature: NO MAJOR CHANGE IN RATE OF DIFFUSION
Draw and label the pH scale:
Review the types of cells, cell organelles, cell structure & functions.
Structure/Function
Cell Organelle
Stores genetic material within the cell; Organelle that manages or controls
all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell
NUCLEUS
Site of photosynthesis; Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps
energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color
4
CHLOROPLAST
Site of protein synthesis; Small bumps located on portions of the Rough
endoplasmic reticulum
RIBOSOMES
Jelly-like substance in the cell
CYTOPLASM
Provides energy for cell; Site for cellular respiration; Produces a usable
form of energy for the cell
MITOCHONDRIA
Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses
or bacteria
LYSOSOME
Produces lipids
SMOOTH ER
Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most
bacteria and some protests; Provides support for the cell (plant cell only)
CELL WALL
Packages proteins for transport out of the cell
GOLGI APPARATUS
Surrounding the cell; Composed of a phospholipid bilayer
CELL MEMBRANE
Place the following descriptions in the correct locations on the Venn Diagram. Each description
will only be used once.
PROKARYOTES







No organelles
DNA randomly in cell
Means “before nucleus”
No nucleus
Smaller cells
ONLY unicellular (bacteria)
All life came from these
BOTH



Cells have cytoplasm
Has a cell membrane
Cells contain DNA
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EUKARYOTES






Has organelles
Plants, animals, protozoa, and fungi
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Cells have a nucleus
Means “true nucleus”
DNA in nucleus