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Name Date 15 – Genetic Engineering Read the assigned pages in the order that they are assigned and answer each question as you go. 15.1 Selective Breeding: Read Pages 419-420 Selective Breeding - Define the following terms: o Selective Breeding: o Inbreeding: o Hybridization: - Describe an example of a crop developed through selective breeding: - Give one disadvantage of inbreeding: Increasing Variation - How do people increase genetic variations in organisms? - Define Biotechnology: How do scientists introduce/cause mutations in bacteria? o Give one use for this technology: - Why are polyploidy plants developed? o Give one example: 14.3 – The Human Genome Project: Read pages 403-404 Manipulating DNA - What techniques are used to study human DNA? Cutting DNA - Because DNA molecules are too large to analyze, what must scientists do first? - What substances are used to cut DNA? - The pieces of DNA that they form are called - Of the hundreds of known Restriction Enzymes, Separating DNA - What do scientists do to separate the restriction fragments? - Briefly describe how gel electrophoresis works: - The pattern of bands on the gel is based on o Why? Reading DNA - Read this section and Review Figure 14-10 15.2 Recombinant DNA: Read pages 421-427 Copying DNA Finding Genes - After separating gene fragments as described in 14.3, the next job is to find specific genes. - What is the GFP protein and where is it found? - How did Douglas Prasher determine the likely mRNA sequence of the GFP gene? - How did he find the matching mRNA sequence in the cell? - How did he find the DNA fragment containing the GFP gene? Polymerase Chain Reaction - What does Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) allow scientists to do? - What are primers? o Why are they used? - Read Figure 15-7 and summarize the process of PCR: - Changing DNA - During Transformation, - Combining DNA Fragments - What do ‘synthesizers’ do in genetic engineering? - What is recombinant DNA? - See Figure 15-8. Summarize how recombinant DNA is produced: Plasmids and Genetic Markers - What did scientists add to make sure a cell was copying the recombinant DNA added to it? - What are plasmids? - How do genetic engineers use plasmids?(see figure 15-10) - What are genetic markers used for? Transgenic Organisms - What are transgenic organisms? Transgenic Plants - Why is Argobacerium used to make transgenic plants? - What other way can traits be added to plant cells? Transgenic Animals - How is DNA be added to animal cells? Cloning - What is a clone? - Summarize the prceoss of making a clone: (see Fig 15-12) 15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering Agriculture and Industry - What are the potential benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture? - Describe 2 benefits/uses of GM crops: o o - Describe 2 benefits/uses of GM animals: o o Health and Medicine - How can recombinant DNA technology improve human health? - Summarize the 4 potential uses for genetic engineering in medicine: o o o o Personal Identification - What is DNA fingerprinting? - What is Forensics? - How do paternity test work? - What is mtDNA? o How can it be used? Answer the following Assessments on a separate paper: 15.1, pg 420: #s 1b, 2a 15.2, pg 427: #s 1a, 2a, 3a 15.3, pg 434: #s 1a, 2a, 3a-b 15 Assessment, pg 442-3: #s 1-3, 5, 8-13, 18-20