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Transcript
Operant Conditioning Classical vs Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning uses reflexive behavior Operant conditioning uses operant or voluntary behavior Ask: Is the behavior something the animal can control? Does the animal have a choice in how to behave? Operant Conditioning: Rewards and Punishments A type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior The frequency will increase if the consequence is reinforcing to the subject. The frequency will decrease if the consequence is not reinforcing or punishing to the subject. B.F. Skinner’s Famous Experiment Reinforcement/Punishment Reinforcement - Any consequence that increases the likelihood of the behavior it follows Reinforcement is ALWAYS GOOD!!! Punishment - Any consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior it follows Reinforcing/Desira ble Stimulus Stimulus is presented or added to animal’s environment… Stimulus is removed or taken away from animal’s environment… Aversive/ UnDesirable Stimulus Positive (+) Reinforcement Positive (+) Add Punishment something you Add something you DO NOT LIKE. DO LIKE. Behavior Behavior Decreases Increases Negative (-) Punishment TAKES AWAY something you DO LIKE. Behavior Decreases Negative (-) Reinforcement TAKES AWAY something you DO NOT LIKE. Behavior Increases Other Terms Shaping-mold a behavior Discriminative Stimuli: cues that influence operant conditioning by indicating probable consequences of a response Resistance to extinctionwhen an organism continues to make a response after reinforcer has been terminated
