Download File

Name: _______________________________
Period: _______________________________
AP Psychology: Chapter 8 Review
1. Explain the difference between:
a. intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
b. respondent and operant behavior.
c. continuous and partial reinforcement.
2. Provide an example of how biological predispositions can constrain one’s capacity for
operant conditioning.
3. What is the overjustification effect?
4. Give an example of latent learning.
5. When does each of the following take place?
a. acquisition
b. extinction
c. spontaneous recovery
6. Provide an example of a cognitive map that you use.
7. What are the controversies of punishment?
8. How do taste aversions relate to classical conditioning?
9. How do mirror neurons relate to observational learning?
10. How has computer-assisted learning used the principles of operant conditioning in
teaching students?
11. What is one major critique behind the theories of behaviorism (classical and operant
conditioning)?
12. Define each of the following.
a. fixed-interval schedule
b. variable-interval schedule
c. fixed-ratio schedule
d. variable-ratio schedule
Instructions:
To determine the schedule of reinforcement being used, ask yourself: Is time the major
factor that causes a favorable outcome (reinforcement), or is it repetition of responses?
If time or the needed repetition of responses is constant or patterned, it is fixed; if the time
or repetition of response is random or intermittent, it’s variable.
Write fixed interval (FI), fixed ratio (FR), variable interval (VI), or variable ratio (VR) on
the space provided to the left of each example.
13. _________________ paid 10 dollars for every 20 puzzles solved
14. _________________ studying for a class that has surprise quizzes
15. _________________ Slot machines are based on this schedule.
16. _________________ trolling for fish in a lake in the summer
17. _________________ speed traps on highways
18. _________________ selling a product door to door
19. _________________ getting the clothes out of the dryer once it buzzes
20. _________________ going up a staircase to reach a landing with a nice view
21. _________________ doing 20 pushups to help stay fit
22. _________________ playing Bingo
23. _________________ getting a paycheck at the end of two weeks
24. _________________ random drug testing
25. _________________ a strike in bowling
26. _________________ calling your mechanic to see if your car is fixed yet
27. _________________ frequent flyer program in which one gets a free flight after a
specific number of miles have been flown
28. _________________ child screams and cries in a store to get what he wants; every so
often, it works.
29. _________________ child who likes to hear theme music from Jeopardy every night at
7pm
30. _________________ trying to find a parking spot in metropolis with a meter that works
31. _________________ wife watching a boxing match with her husband; receives a kiss
from husband at the end of every three-minute round
32. _________________ waiting for a sunny day to go to the beach
33. _________________ surfer waiting for the perfect tide to come in
34. _________________ looking under rocks for worms
Instructions:
For each of the following learning situations, indicate whether classical or operant
conditioning best applies. Then, follow the appropriate instructions below.

If you decide that the situation is an example of classical conditioning, you should
label the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR.

If you decide the situation is an example of operant conditioning, you should
decide which of the following principles most applies: positive reinforcement,
negative reinforcement, positive punishment, or negative punishment.
35. A very bright, and mildly painful, light is turned onto a rat. The rat has learned that he
can turn off the light by pressing a lever on the other side of his cage. As soon as the
lights come on, the rat runs across the room and presses the lever.
36. When a mother strokes her infant’s skin, the stroking creates pleasure responses in the
baby. After this goes on for many days, the baby begins to show pleasure responses
simply at the sight of her mother, even before being touched.
37. A patient in a mental hospital is very disruptive at mealtimes. She grabs food from the
plates of those sitting near her and tries to cram the food into her mouth. Because this
behavior of stealing food is very undesirable, a plan is developed whereby every time the
patient steals food from other plates, she is immediately taken to a room without food.
38. Imagine that you have a friend who keeps the temperature in her home so high that each
occasion on which you visit her you find yourself perspiring. The last time you visited
her, you noticed that you began to perspire and became uncomfortable as soon as you
saw her house, even before you got inside.
39. Fred leaves his clothes and toys all over his room. It seems that the only time he cleans
up his room is when his mother yells at him. When she yells at him, Fred picks up his
clothes and put away toys.