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AP Psych Learning Objectives Chapter 5
Learning
VI.
Learning
1. Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant
conditioning, and observational learning (e.g., contingencies).
2. Describe basic classical conditioning phenomena, such as acquisition, extinction,
spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination, and higher-order learning.
3. Predict the effects of operant conditioning (e.g., positive reinforcement, negative
reinforcement, punishment, schedules of reinforcement).
4. Predict how practice, schedules of reinforcement, and motivation will influence quality of
learning.
5. Interpret graphs that exhibit the results of learning experiments.
6. Provide examples of how biological constraints create learning predispositions.
7. Describe the essential characteristics of insight learning, latent learning, and social
learning.
8. Apply learning principles to explain emotional learning, taste aversion, superstitious
behavior, and learned helplessness.
9. Suggest how behavior modification, biofeedback, coping strategies, and self-control can be
used to address behavioral problems.
10. Identify key contributors in the psychology of learning (e.g., Albert Bandura, John Garcia,
Ivan Pavlov, Robert Rescorla, B. F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Edward Tolman, John B.
Watson).
Study Guide Questions:
5.1
5.2
What does the term learning really mean?
How was classical conditioning first studied, and what are the important elements and
characteristics of classical conditioning?
5.3 What is conditional emotional response, and how do cognitive psychologists explain
classical conditioning?
5.4 How does operant conditioning occur, and what were the contributions of Thorndike and
Skinner?
5.5 What are the important concepts in operant conditioning?
5.6 What are some of the problems with using punishment?
5.7 What are the schedules of reinforcement?
5.8 How do operant stimuli control behavior, and what kind of behavior is resistant to operant
conditioning?
5.9 What is behavior modification, and how can behavioral techniques be used to modify
involuntary biological responses?
5.10 How do latent learning, learned helplessness, and insight relate to cognitive learning
theory?
5.11 What occurs in observational learning, including findings from Bandura’s classic Bobo doll
study and the four elements of observational learning?
5.12 What is a real-world example of the use of conditioning?