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AP Psychology Name__________________________Date________Per.______ Learning Theories: Practice OPERANT CONDITIONING TERMS Reinforcement (Increase the behavior) Punishment (Decrease the behavior) Positive (Present a stimulus) Present a good stimulus to increase the behavior. Ex: You get $5 for doing your chores. Present a bad stimulus to decrease the behavior. Ex: Giving you a detention to prevent you from being late to class. Negative (Remove a stimulus) Take away a bad stimulus to increase the behavior. Ex: Your mother stops nagging you when you clean your room. Take away a good stimulus to decrease the behavior. Ex: Losing your senior privileges so that you stop being tardy/truant. Part A: Operant Conditioning Examples: Identify whether the following examples are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, or negative punishment. _________________________ 1. After missing your curfew several times, your parents take away your driving privileges. ________________________ 2. Mickey’s mother nags him until he finally cleans his room. ________________________ 3. When 6-year-old Josie pushes in her chair at the end of the day, her teacher gives her a sticker. _________________________ 4. If Thomas is late to practice, his coach makes him do extra push-ups. _________________________ 5. Margaret was given a standing ovation after singing karaoke. Now she goes to sing karaoke almost every other day. _________________________ 6. Oliver does his laundry frequently so that his room no longer smells. _________________________ 7. You study for math tests in order to be exempt from taking the final exam. Part B: Classical or Operant Conditioning?: Decide whether each of the following is operant or classical conditioning. If it is operant conditioning, decide whether it is positive/negative reinforcement, positive/negative punishment. If it is classical conditioning, identify the US, UR, CS, and CR. 1. Every time your psychology instructor enters the classroom, she goes straight to the board to write an outline on it. Unfortunately, she has long finger nails and each time she writes the outline, her nails screech on the board, making you wince. After a few weeks of this, you wince at the sight of the teacher entering the classroom. 2. Your father gives you a credit card at the end of your first year in college because you did so well. As a result, your grades continue to get better in your second year. 3. The door to your house squeaks loudly when you open it. Soon, your dog begins wagging its tail when the door squeaks. 4. When Donna “talks back” to her mother, her mother washes her mouth out with soap. As a result, Donna does not talk back to her mom. 5. Your car has a red, flashing light that blinks annoyingly if you start the car without buckling the seat belt. You become more likely to buckle your seatbelt when you first get into the car. 6. Arnie recently had surgery on his shoulder, and was in a lot of pain. While recovering in the hospital, he watched a lot of re-runs of “I Love Lucy”. Months later, seeing an episode of “I Love Lucy” sends a brief twinge of pain through his shoulder. 7. When Jennifer’s mother drops her off at day care one morning, Jennifer screams and yells. Her mother stays and pays attention to her in order to make her stop screaming. 8. A lion in a circus learns to stand up on a chair and jump through a hoop to receive a food treat. 9. The police takes away your driving privileges so that you do not drive under the influence. Part C: Schedules of Reinforcement For the following examples, decide which schedule of reinforcement is described (variable-ratio, variableinterval, fixed-ratio, fixed-interval). ______________________________ 1. A child is given a quarter for every five minutes she practices the piano. ______________________________ 2. Rolling a pair of dice and getting doubles. ______________________________ 3. Waiting for a taxi in the city. ______________________________ 4. A frequent flyer program gives a free flight after accumulating a certain number of flight miles. ______________________________ 5. Playing the slot machines at the casino. ______________________________ 6. Carpet cleaner who takes a break only after having cleaned three rooms. ______________________________ 7. An athlete signs a contract in which his salary increases are renegotiated every two years. ______________________________ 8. A teacher gives pop quizzes throughout the semester. ______________________________ 9. A seal at the zoo is given a fish for every two times he claps his flippers on command. ______________________________ 10. A fly-fisherman casts and reels back several times before catching a fish.