Two Procedures for the Establishment of Conditioned Reinforcers
... Thorndike, considered by some psychologist to be one of the first behaviorists, forwarded an explanation for his Law of effect. His explanation suggested that some events, usually those that one would expect to be pleasant seemed to “stamp in” a response that had just occurred. Noxious events, he co ...
... Thorndike, considered by some psychologist to be one of the first behaviorists, forwarded an explanation for his Law of effect. His explanation suggested that some events, usually those that one would expect to be pleasant seemed to “stamp in” a response that had just occurred. Noxious events, he co ...
In Honor of I. P. Pavlov
... only very late in the first volume, but thereafter the name appears 64 times (the total would be larger if ‘‘Pavlovian’’ were included in the count). The density of references to Pavlov is especially high in the sections in which Skinner describes his experimental work during the early 1930s. Some c ...
... only very late in the first volume, but thereafter the name appears 64 times (the total would be larger if ‘‘Pavlovian’’ were included in the count). The density of references to Pavlov is especially high in the sections in which Skinner describes his experimental work during the early 1930s. Some c ...
Personality and social psychology: towards a synthesis
... whether this convergence is desirable and profitable for either or both of the parties involved. O n a general level, three main views on this issue can be distinguished. First, the pessimistic view according to which the commonalities between social and personality psychology exist mainly in the f ...
... whether this convergence is desirable and profitable for either or both of the parties involved. O n a general level, three main views on this issue can be distinguished. First, the pessimistic view according to which the commonalities between social and personality psychology exist mainly in the f ...
B. F. Skinner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... of behavior (see Applied behavior analysis). This applied behaviorism lies on the opposite side of the ideological spectrum as the field of cognitive science. Unlike less austere behaviorism, it does not accept private events such as thinking, perceptions, and unobservable emotions in a causal accou ...
... of behavior (see Applied behavior analysis). This applied behaviorism lies on the opposite side of the ideological spectrum as the field of cognitive science. Unlike less austere behaviorism, it does not accept private events such as thinking, perceptions, and unobservable emotions in a causal accou ...
An Adaptation for Altruism? The Social Causes, Social Effects, and
... the present) subsequently reported higher levels of trust toward a third party than did participants who were asked to describe a time they felt angry, guilty, or proud. Similarly, Jackson, Lewandowski, Fleury, and Chin (2001) found that having participants recall a real-life gratitude-inducing expe ...
... the present) subsequently reported higher levels of trust toward a third party than did participants who were asked to describe a time they felt angry, guilty, or proud. Similarly, Jackson, Lewandowski, Fleury, and Chin (2001) found that having participants recall a real-life gratitude-inducing expe ...
Pavlov and Skinner: Two lives in science ( an introduction to B. F.
... only very late in the first volume, but thereafter the name appears 64 times (the total would be larger if ‘‘Pavlovian’’ were included in the count). The density of references to Pavlov is especially high in the sections in which Skinner describes his experimental work during the early 1930s. Some c ...
... only very late in the first volume, but thereafter the name appears 64 times (the total would be larger if ‘‘Pavlovian’’ were included in the count). The density of references to Pavlov is especially high in the sections in which Skinner describes his experimental work during the early 1930s. Some c ...
Testing Thornberry`s interactional theory: the reciprocal relations
... studies for testing interactional model (Thornberry et al., 1991, 1994) had some limitations. They did not adequately include theoretically significant measures of both social control and social learning variables. They did not fully cover the transition throughout adolescence. They also did not ade ...
... studies for testing interactional model (Thornberry et al., 1991, 1994) had some limitations. They did not adequately include theoretically significant measures of both social control and social learning variables. They did not fully cover the transition throughout adolescence. They also did not ade ...
Acquisition of Behavioral Avoidance
... healthy individuals, avoidance, therefore, is functional if it prevents actual threat. In anxiety disorders, however, avoidance is more recurrent and persistent and not related to realistic threat to the patient (Barlow, 2002), and obtains a pathological quality as it causes severe impairments and c ...
... healthy individuals, avoidance, therefore, is functional if it prevents actual threat. In anxiety disorders, however, avoidance is more recurrent and persistent and not related to realistic threat to the patient (Barlow, 2002), and obtains a pathological quality as it causes severe impairments and c ...
Unit 6 Notes - Reading Community Schools
... Immediate vs Delayed Reinforcers • Immediate reinforcers are those provided very soon after a desired act. • Delayed reinforcers are those that do not come immediately. • Animals typically need reinforcements that come within 30 seconds of the desired behavior for them to learn. • An essential elem ...
... Immediate vs Delayed Reinforcers • Immediate reinforcers are those provided very soon after a desired act. • Delayed reinforcers are those that do not come immediately. • Animals typically need reinforcements that come within 30 seconds of the desired behavior for them to learn. • An essential elem ...
Redalyc.CONTEXT CHANGE EXPLAINS RESURGENCE AFTER
... Extinguished operant behavior can return or “resurge” when a response that has replaced it is also extinguished. Typically studied in nonhuman animals, the resurgence effect may provide insight into relapse that is seen when reinforcement is discontinued following human contingency management (CM) a ...
... Extinguished operant behavior can return or “resurge” when a response that has replaced it is also extinguished. Typically studied in nonhuman animals, the resurgence effect may provide insight into relapse that is seen when reinforcement is discontinued following human contingency management (CM) a ...
SWGDOG SC1abcdefghijk – TERMINOLOGY
... SC1a – Posted for public comment 12/28/05 – 2/28/06. Approved by the membership 4/2/06. SC1b – Posted for public comment 4/22/06 – 6/22/06. Approved by the membership 10/2/06. SC1c – Posted for public comment 1/3/07 – 3/3/07. Approved by the membership 3/12/07. SC1d - Posted for public comment 5/10/ ...
... SC1a – Posted for public comment 12/28/05 – 2/28/06. Approved by the membership 4/2/06. SC1b – Posted for public comment 4/22/06 – 6/22/06. Approved by the membership 10/2/06. SC1c – Posted for public comment 1/3/07 – 3/3/07. Approved by the membership 3/12/07. SC1d - Posted for public comment 5/10/ ...
Avoidance
... not confirm Bolles’ assertion that this type of avoidance is difficult for rats to acquire. In Sidman avoidance, the frequent shocks programmed under the S-S interval tend to break up freezing, increasing the chances that the subject will depress the lever in the course of its activities. ...
... not confirm Bolles’ assertion that this type of avoidance is difficult for rats to acquire. In Sidman avoidance, the frequent shocks programmed under the S-S interval tend to break up freezing, increasing the chances that the subject will depress the lever in the course of its activities. ...
Social Referencing as a Learned Process
... during the last quarter of the first year.J This alternative is that, early in lhe first year, social referencing can result from the infant's learning thai. in contexts of uncertainty, maternal facial-expressive cues (that we assume are originally neutral in value) can come reliably to predict posi ...
... during the last quarter of the first year.J This alternative is that, early in lhe first year, social referencing can result from the infant's learning thai. in contexts of uncertainty, maternal facial-expressive cues (that we assume are originally neutral in value) can come reliably to predict posi ...
Teaming AP Practice Test
... 33. Dillon is four years old, and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you." They will be most successful in altering Dillon's behavior if they use a. classical conditioning b. higher-order conditioning c. non-contingent reinforcement d. operant conditioning 34. April wants to te ...
... 33. Dillon is four years old, and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you." They will be most successful in altering Dillon's behavior if they use a. classical conditioning b. higher-order conditioning c. non-contingent reinforcement d. operant conditioning 34. April wants to te ...
Chapter 5 - Pearson Higher Education
... sounds would produce the same conditioned response from his dogs. He and other researchers found that the strength of the response to the similar sounds was not as strong as to the original one, but the more similar the other sound was to the original sound (be it a metronome or any other kind of so ...
... sounds would produce the same conditioned response from his dogs. He and other researchers found that the strength of the response to the similar sounds was not as strong as to the original one, but the more similar the other sound was to the original sound (be it a metronome or any other kind of so ...
Psychology 3720 - U of L Class Index
... TransTrans-situationality A stimulus determined to be a reinforcer in one situation will also be a reinforcer for that individual in other situations But … ...
... TransTrans-situationality A stimulus determined to be a reinforcer in one situation will also be a reinforcer for that individual in other situations But … ...
Within-subjects Extinction and Renewal in Predictive Judgments
... Bouton & Ricker, 1994), and also when acquisition, extinction and testing are conducted in different contexts (v.g., Bouton & Swartzentruber, 1986). The combined results of these experiments suggest that whenever a context change is conducted after extinction, extinction performance impairs while ac ...
... Bouton & Ricker, 1994), and also when acquisition, extinction and testing are conducted in different contexts (v.g., Bouton & Swartzentruber, 1986). The combined results of these experiments suggest that whenever a context change is conducted after extinction, extinction performance impairs while ac ...
the psychological review
... Riess (23,24), and Wylie (32) are concerned with this problem. Since they are most relevant to the present paper, these experiments may be briefly described. Razran (20) measured the amount of saliva secreted while he thought of 'saliva' in English, Russian, German, French, Spanish, and Polish. As c ...
... Riess (23,24), and Wylie (32) are concerned with this problem. Since they are most relevant to the present paper, these experiments may be briefly described. Razran (20) measured the amount of saliva secreted while he thought of 'saliva' in English, Russian, German, French, Spanish, and Polish. As c ...
Brief biography of B.F. Skinner Early Life B. F. Skinner was born on
... Skinner's first teaching machine simply presented problems in random order for students to do, with feedback after each one. But this machine did not teach new behavior. All it did was give more practice on skills already learned. Within three years, however, Skinner developed programmed instructio ...
... Skinner's first teaching machine simply presented problems in random order for students to do, with feedback after each one. But this machine did not teach new behavior. All it did was give more practice on skills already learned. Within three years, however, Skinner developed programmed instructio ...
Vocab Flashcards
... least two groups of subjects. z And the data are usually presented in terms of the mean (average) z of the performance of all subjects z combined for each group. ...
... least two groups of subjects. z And the data are usually presented in terms of the mean (average) z of the performance of all subjects z combined for each group. ...
Vocab Flashcards
... least two groups of subjects. z And the data are usually presented in terms of the mean (average) z of the performance of all subjects z combined for each group. ...
... least two groups of subjects. z And the data are usually presented in terms of the mean (average) z of the performance of all subjects z combined for each group. ...
Chapter 6: Learning
... Even before beginning this course, you might have heard about Pavlov’s dogs. The work of the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov is well known. Still, it is easy to take its true significance for granted. Importantly, Pavlov demonstrated that neutral aspects of the environment can attain the capacity to ...
... Even before beginning this course, you might have heard about Pavlov’s dogs. The work of the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov is well known. Still, it is easy to take its true significance for granted. Importantly, Pavlov demonstrated that neutral aspects of the environment can attain the capacity to ...