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Transcript
Cells are diverse! Tap to Start Very early on, the people studying cells knew that cells have a great diversity of sizes and shapes. As microscopes were improved, scientists could see more and more details of cells. What they saw was that the inside of one cell can be very different from that of another cell. Boundary • Cell Membrane • Protective Covering • Gelatin • Cytoplasm Ways in which all cells are alike. Every cell has a boundary that separates the inside from the outside. That boundary is the cell membrane, a protective covering that encloses the entire cell. Any material coming into or out of the cell must pass through the cell membrane. Contained inside the cell membrane is a gelatin-like material called cytoplasm. Most of the work of the cell is carried out in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Form Start Reset HINT + Function Cell Membrane - Volume Tap to Start Eukaryotic and Prokarytic Cells Genetic Material • Nucleus • Eukaryotic Cell • Organelle Scientists separate cells into two broad categories based on one key difference: the location of the genetic material. In a eukaryotic cell the genetic material is in a structiure called the nucleus, a structure enclosed by its own membrane. Scientists use the word organelle to describe any part of a cell that is enclosed by membrane. Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Eu = true + karyon = nucleus Pro = before + karyon = nucleus Prokaryotic • Cytoplasm • Unicellular • Multicellular In a prokaryotic cell there is no separate compartment for the genetic material. Instead, it is in the cytoplasm. There are no organelles. Most unicellular organisms are procaryotic cells. Almost all multicellular organisms are eukaryotic. Cytoplasm Nucleus Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Genetic Material Start Reset - Volume + Tap to Start: Marco: Hello again! Why do they have to make all these words so big? Why can’t they just call them simple cells or no nucleus cells? Maria: Actually Marco, all these words are made up of little words that mean something in Latin, one of the first languages. For example, Prokaryotic can be broken into Pro and Karyon. ( Main Points: Cells are divided into 2 categories. One category has the genetic material in the Mario: Okay cool. And by the way, before you start reading, you can click on any of the words in the blue bar to find out what it means. Then you can read the text. Remember to click the red dot when you’re done! (Light Blue Bar: Click on the words to hear pronunciation and definition, short and sweet). Simplified Diagrammic model of the 2 cell types: Red dot is clicked: Marco: Let’s see if we can figure out what they mean in English? Touch the word in the cells that means “Karyon”. Yup you’re right-Nope What word is in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic...and how are the two different? Ok Great! Maria: Let’s figure out what Eu means.... etc. Marco: Let’s read the second paragraph. You know the what to do first? Right, look at the words in the blue bar first to see if there are any you don’t know. Click on the words you don’t Nucleus know before you start reading! Click the red dot when you are done.... Red dot is clicked: Marco: Allright. Why don’t we see if we can put our facts together. Click on the start button below the box to start . I think you’ll do great! Which cell do you think is a prokaryotic cell? Click on the prokaryotic cell . Good! Why do you think that is the prokaryatic cell? Click on the 2 words that indicate it is a prokayatic cell (genetic material, cytoplasm). Yes, the genetic material is in the cytoplasm. Which cell do you think is a eukaryotic cell? Click on the cell. Great! Click on the 2 words that indicate this is a eukaryotic cell. genetic material, nucleus) Yes, the genetic material is in the nucleus. Plant and Animal Cells Tap to Start Eukaryotic • Compartment • Function • Covering • Differ This will be about.... how eukaryotic cells use energy This will be about... how cells were discovered ? This will be about... how animal and plant cells are different Plant and animal cells, like all eukaryotic cells, are divided into two main compartments. The nucleus, usually the largest organelle, is the compartment that stores the instructions a cell needs to function. Surrounding the nucleus is the cytoplasm. The cell membrane is the boundary between the cytoplasm and the outside of the cell. Plant cellls also have cell walls. A cell wall is a tough outer covering that lies just outside the cell membrane. The cell wall suppports and protects the cell. Having a cell wall is one important way in which plant cells differ from animal cells. Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus Cytoplasm Start Reset - Volume + Tap to Start: Chameo: Hey good to see you! Remember me? I’m Marco’s Chameleon. And believe it or not, I have deep thoughts............Look at the words in the blue bar. Can you guess what I’m thinking the reading is going to be about? Now look at the statements in my thought bubbles and click the statement that describes what this reading will most likely be about. Yes! That’s right. What word in the light blue bar gave you a clue? Differ. Yes, Differ means to be different. Incorrect Response (other 2 statements) Hmmmm, Let’s look at the words in the blue bar again. Let’s see...... can you click on the last word to hear its meaning and figure out which statement uses a similar word with the same meaning? Wow Great! Repeat correct response feedback above. Chameo: Click on any of the words in the light blue bar to hear its meaning before you read the text. Then go on and read the text. Click on the red dot at the end of the paragraph when you are done. Click Red Dot: Chameo: Okay. So all Eukarytic Cells have a nucleus and cytoplasm and a cell membrane to keep everything in. I get that. Let’s figure out what the bottom picture is all about. I’ll ask you questions, and you click on the answers. SImplified visual tree organizer: Eukaryotic Cell linked to animal and plants and corresponding cells. An effective graphic that recaps complex information. Which cells are eukaryotic cells? Which is a plant cell? Which is an animal cell? What parts of the cell does a eukaryotic cell have? Tap to Start Taco Hamburger Taco Shell Tomato Tomato Bun Cheese Ketchup Lettuce Mayo Cheese Lettuce Ground Beef Ground Beef Animal Cell Plant Cell Start Reset - Volume + The bottom diagram is the diagram from the text book that is hard to dicipher. It has no corresponding expository text. It is a compare and contrast diagram of animal cell and plant cell. The items on the left are the differences. The items on the right are the similarities. The student is supposed to figure this out by just looking at the diagram. These are the learning goals of the diagram: Which structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells? Chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall. Which structures are found in animal cells but not plant cells? Liposomes. Which structures are found in both plant and animal cells? Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatuses, vesicles, mitochondria, cell membrane. (no functions. just the names). The top diagram is a familiar object. It has the same setup as the text book diagram. The student will be guided through this simplified diagram and note the differences and similarities by being asked questions and clicking on the right spots in the pictures. Then they will apply this knowledge to the bottom diagram. B=Boy G=Girl Tap to Start: B: Do you want have tacos or hamburgers for lunch? G: What difference does it make? You have the same things in them. B: But they taste completely different. G: Well, let me show you. Click on the 4 ingredients in the two pictures that are the same. =>Student clicks on ingredients one at a time. (incorrect: That’s not the same, Try again.) Success 1: You rock! 3 to go! Success 2: Awesome! 2 to go! Success 3: You got it! 1 to go! Success 4: Wow, they really are a lot alike. Now... but they’re still different. What’s in a Taco that’s not in a Hamburger? =>Students clicks on Taco Shell Success 1: Okay, you’re great! Let’s see if you can find the way a hamburger is different. => Student clicks on ingredients one at a time. (Incorrect: That’s not how it’s different, Try again). Success 1: Good job! 2 to go! Success 2: Awesome! 1 to go! Success 3: You did it! Hey you know what? All the things that were different were on the left. And all the things that were the same were on the right. I wonder if the cell pictures do the same? venn diagram Plant Cell Animal Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell nucleus endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes Golgi apparatus vesicles cell membrane mitochondrion chloroplast central vacuole cell wall liposomes nucleus endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes Golgi apparatus vesicles cell membrane mitochondrion Start Reset - Volume + Assessment game. Click on organelle name and click to place it in the right category in the Venn Diagram. B=Boy G=Girl Press Start: Venn Diagram Game: G: Oh yeah. I know what that is. That’s kind of like a Venn diagram. B: You’re too much Maria! (laughs) G: No really. Let me show you. Click on the word Nucleus and click where you think it belongs in the Venn diagram. You were pretty good at finding the differences and similarities in the plant and animal cells! If you can’t remember where an organelle belongs, just look at the bottom plant and naimal cells. Go ahead…. =>Student clicks on one organelle at a time and clicks correctly in the venn diagram (incorrect: Look at the pictures, is this (organelle name) in just plant cell or is it just in the animal cell, or is it in both? Try again.) Success 1: You rock! The (organelle name) is in both cells. (if organelle is in both) Success 2: Awesome! the (organelle name) is only found in animal cells! (if organelle is only in plant cell). Success 3: You got it! The (organelle name) is only found in animal cells. (if organelle is only in animal cell) Last organelle response: Marco: You did it! Hey you know what? Each diagram is like a puzzle. If you can figure out how a diagram is set up , you can figure out what they’re trying to tell you. In this diagram, all the differences were on the left of the picture and all the similarities were on the right. And you figured it out!! Great job!
