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Name:_____________________________________ Test Date: _________
Study Guide Cell Parts and Function Test
Know the following definitions:
 organelles: specialized structures which carry out the cell’s life processes
 cell membrane: a phospholipid layer that surrounds a cell’s surface and acts like
a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell/ allows nutrients in and waste
products out
 cell wall: a structure made from cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane of
some cells and provides strength and support to the cell (not in animal cells)
 chloroplast: found in plants and algae/ make food using the energy of the sun
 chlorophyll: the pigment that makes chloroplasts green
 DNA: heredity material found in the cell (in nucleus of eukaryotic and free
floating in prokaryotic)
 endoplasmic reticulum: transports material from the nucleus to other parts of
the cell
 lysosomes: digests food particles, waste and old cell parts and transports them
out of the cell in vesicles (Two examples of lysosomes at work would be
breaking down the webbing between our fingers as we develop and breaking
down a frog’s tail as it goes through metamorphosis.)
 mitochondria: breaks down food molecules to make ATP (energy)/ bean-shaped
organelle that is surrounded by two membranes
 nucleus: the most visible organelle when looking through a microscope/contains
the eukaryotic cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell
 ribosome: the only organelle in eukaryotic cells that is not covered by a
membrane/ and the smallest most abundant organelle (lots of them!)
 vacuole: stores food, water and other materials, is much larger in a plant cell,
the pigment in vacuoles is what gives some plants their color and makes
vegetables crispy if they are full of water
 cytoplasm: jelly-like fluid inside of the cell
 nucleolus: stores the materials that will be used later to make ribosomes in the
cytoplasm.
Be able to identify and label all of the following organelles in a cell:
 cell membrane
 cell wall
 chloroplast
 DNA
 endoplasmic reticulum
 nucleus
 ribosomes
 vacuole(s)
 cytoplasm
 nucleolus
 mitochondria
*review the class papers on plant and animal cell organelles