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UNIT 3: The Cell DAYSHEET: Cellular Organelles Biology I Name: _______________________________ Date: __________________ Bellringer: Today in class we will be talking about the different parts found inside different types of cells. Answer the questions below to brainstorm for our discussion. 1. What are some features all plants have in common? 2. What are some features all animals have in common? 3. What are some features plants and animals have in common? 4. What are some features all living things (plants, animals, bacteria, etc.) have in common? 5. Some cells are more like a mansion, while other cells are more like a one-room shack. What are some advantages to having lots of rooms in a house? What could be some advantages of having everything in one room? Advantages: Advantages: Activity 1: The Cell Organelles Reading and Graphic Organizer Purpose: To find out about the function of each of the cell organelles Task: As you read, complete the graphic organizer on the opposite. Outcome: Identify the cell organelles and their functions The Cell Organelles Cells are the basic unit of life. We rely on our cells to metabolize food, reproduce, pass on genes, and maintain homeostasis. All cells have organelles (smaller parts) inside that help them carry out these complex tasks. All Cells Share a Basic Structure There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. All cells share a basic structure: they are all surrounded by a plasma membrane. The plasma membrane controls what enters and exits the cell. Inside the membrane is the cytoplasm – the fluid filling of the cell. All cells have ribosomes – tiny, circular structures that synthesize (make) proteins. Lastly, all cells have DNA. The Nucleus In prokaryotes (bacteria), the DNA is loose in the middle of the cell. But all eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, protists, and fungi) have a nucleus in the middle of the cell. The nucleus is an organelle that contains the organisms DNA. Because the DNA has the genetic instructions that control all the cell’s activities, the nucleus is often called “the brain of the cell.” Chloroplasts and Mitochondria The chloroplast and mitochondria are organelles that help the cell get energy. Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells. Chloroplasts have a special chemical inside them – chloroplyll – that makes them green and allows them to make food using energy from sunlight. Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria convert food into energy for the cell. The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Body, Vacuoles, and Lysosomes In order for molecules to move around the eukaryotic cell, they travel through the endoplasmic reticulum(ER). The rough endoplasmic reticulum has lots of ribosomes attached to it, so a lot of proteins are made in and travel through the rough ER. The smooth ER is not covered with ribosomes. This is where a lot of lipids are made. The Golgi Body packages molecules for transport (movement) outside the eukaryotic cell. Once it has been packaged at the Golgi Body, a molecule can leave the cell through the cell membrane. When the eukaryotic cell needs to store stuff, like water or food, it uses vacuoles. In plant cells, there is usually one big vacuole. In animal cells, there are usually lots of smaller vacuoles. Sometimes these storage organelles also help move stuff around the cell and are called vesicles. The lysosomes help the cell breakdown waste, like old molecules and cell parts. Only animal cells have lysosomes. The Cell Wall Both prokaryotes and plant cells have a cell wall outside of their plasma membrane. The cell wall gives the cell extra support and protection, and helps the cell maintain its shape. Cell Organelles Graphic Organizer Cell Organelle Plasma / Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosome Nucleus Chloroplast Mitochondrion Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Body/ Apparatus Vacuole Lysosome Cell Wall Structure Function Controls what enters and exits the cell Prokaryotes? Plants? Animals? Activity 2: Cell Labeling and Coloring Directions: Use the word banks, your graphic organizer and pages ___________ in your textbook to label the following cell diagrams. When you finish, color the cell organelles and create a key! Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Cell WORD BANK: DNA Ribosomes Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall Eukaryotic Animal Cell WORD BANK: Plasma Membrane Nucleus Mitochondrion Lysosome Cytoplasm Rough ER Smooth ER Ribosomes Golgi Body Eukaryotic Plant Cell WORD BANK: Plasma Membrane Nucleus Mitochondrion Chloroplast Cytoplasm Rough ER Cell Wall Smooth ER Vacuole Ribosomes Golgi Body Activity 3: Concept Mapping Directions: Ask your teacher for a set of organelle picture. Cut out and paste all the organelles into the correct box on the concept map below. Ask your teacher to check your work before gluing it down! ALL CELLS ONLY PROKARYOTES ONLY PLANTS ONLY EUKARYOTES ONLY ANIMALS ORGANELLE CUT-OUTS Chloroplast Mitochondria Vacuole Lysosome ER Golgi Body Large, Central Vacuole Cell Wall Cell Wall Activity 4: Practice Quiz Directions: Use your graphic organizer, diagrams, and concept map to answer the questions 1. A student is looking at a cell through a microscope and trying to decide whether the cell is a prokaryote or a eukaryote. What are some structures that would be present in a eukaryote, but not a prokaryote? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. A student is looking at a cell through a microscope and trying to decide whether a cell is from an animal or a plant. What are some structures that would be absent in an animal cell, but present in a plant cell? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. What type of cell is it? A. It could be any type of cell B. It is definitely a prokaryote C. It is definitely a eukaryote 4. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus. What type of cell is it? A. It could be any type of cell B. It is definitely a prokaryote C. It is definitely a eukaryote 5. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and a nucleus. What type of cell is it? A. It is definitely a prokaryote B. It is definitely a plant cell C. It is definitely an animal cell 6. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell a cell membrane, ribosomes, and a region of free-floating DNA. What type of cell is it? A. It is definitely a prokaryote B. It is definitely a plant cell C. It is definitely an animal cell 7. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell membrane, ribosomes, a nucleus, a Gogli apparatus, and an rough ER. What type of cell is it? A. It is definitely a prokaryote B. It is definitely a eukaryote, but it could be a plant or an animal cell C. It is definitely an animal cell D. It is definitely a plant cell HW 30: The Cell Organelles Biology I Name __________________________ Date_______________________ Directions: Place the cell parts listed below into the correct spot on Venn Diagram 1 and Venn Diagram 2 (you will need to write each word a total of two times) Nucleus Plasma Membrane Mitochondria Chloroplasts Lysosome Golgi Body Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Cytoplasm Vacuole Cell Wall DNA Venn Diagram 1 Prokaryotic Cell Both Eukaryotic Cell Both Animal Cell Venn Diagram 2 Plant Cell --CONTINUED ON BACK-- CELL NUCLEUS CELL WALL CELL CELL MEMBRANE SHAPE CELL SIZE Cell A No Yes Yes Round Very Small Cell B Yes Yes Yes Squarish Bigger Cell C Yes No Yes Round Bigger 1. Which cell(s) is/are eukaryotic?______________________________________________ 2. Which cell(s) is/are probably an animal cell(s)?__________________________________ 3. Which cell(s) is/are probably a plant cell(s)?____________________________________ 4. Which cell(s) is/are prokaryotic?_____________________________________________ 5. In cell B, where would the genetic information be stored?_________________________ 6. Which cell(s) would most likely contain chloroplast(s)?____________________________