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Transcript
The Eukaryotic Cell (plant and animal cells) Eukaryotes: Organisms whose cells contain a _____________ and membrane-‐bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are different from prokaryotic (bacteria) cells: -‐ ____________________ (typically) -‐ contains a ____________________ -‐ contains ____________________ (specialized subunits within a cell that performs a specialized function – is usually enclosed within its own lipid bilayer) -‐ ______________ are different from the ribosomes in prokaryotes (usually larger in eukaryotes) -‐ includes single OR ____________________ organisms Cell structure Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Description/Function -‐ made of a phospholipid bilayer Functions: * involved with enzymatic activity * involved with cell identification -‐ is considered the “gatekeeper” of cell because it controls what goes in and out -‐ cytosol = the _________ of the cell (mostly water and molecules and ions) -‐ cytoplasm = cytosol + ___________________ -‐ a lot of chemical reactions take place here -‐ it’s like the “_______________ floor” -‐ framework of micro_____________ and micro ______________ -‐ constantly shifting due to cell’s needs Function: provides _____________, _____________, traffic flow -‐ similar to the framework inside a building that keeps it together -‐ made up of ______(rRNA specifically) and proteins Function: assembles amino acids into ______________ (main “product” produced and needed for the cell) -‐ like the “____________ worker” -‐ looks like folded ________________ studded with ribosomes (hence the “rough look”) Function: makes, modifies, and ________________ proteins -‐ similar to an “____________ line” for the ribosomes to work on -‐ looks like folded membranes with ____ ribosomes (hence “smooth”) Function: makes __________ -‐ similar to an assembly line (like the rough ER) but it’s just making a different product -‐ looks like flattened sacs of membranes Function: sorts, packages, and _____________ substances for transport -‐ similar to a “_______________ center” -‐ small membrane enclosed _____ Function: transports substances made by the _______ apparatus -‐ like a “____________ service” In Animal (A) or Plant (P) cells? A & P Lysosome Vacuole Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Nucleolus Mitochondria Centrioles Cilia and/or Flagella Cell Wall Plastids -‐ membrane bound sacs of digestive _______________ Functions: * breaks down old ________________ * breaks down ________ items * induces cell death if needed -‐ it’s technically a specialized vesicle -‐ like a “_______________ crew” for the cell -‐ membrane bound sacs that hold substances Function: serves as _____________ for food, water, wastes, etc. -‐ similar to a “______________ cupboard” -‐ Plants have one ___________ vacuole for storage AND support -‐ Animal cells have many small vacuoles for different purposes -‐ membrane bound organelle that contains the genetic information (DNA) of the cell -‐ also contains parts and enzymes needed for DNA replication and transcription (you’ll learn about this later) -‐ contains the nucleolus Function: stores and protects the DNA -‐ is like the “control center” or “_________” of the cell -‐ double lipid bilayer that serves as the physical barrier to separate the contents of the nucleus from the cytosol -‐ also called the Nuclear _______________ -‐ contains holes called the Nuclear ________ that allows the transport of certain molecules -‐ looks like a large blob inside the nucleus Function: makes the ribosomes -‐ like the “factory parts generator” or the “HR department” that hires the employees -‐ double membrane bound organelle Function: performs aerobic respiration which makes __________ (ATP) and also detoxifies oxygen -‐ considered the “Generator” or “__________ house” of the cell -‐ cylindrical bundles of _____________________ (looks like churro sticks!) Function: assists with cell _________________ -‐ Cilia = __________ hair-‐like structures (usually more numerous) -‐ Flagella = ___________ hair-‐like structure (usually fewer) Function: used for _____________ (swimming) and creates currents to sweep objects towards or away from the cell -‐ made of ______________ in plants (chitin in fungi) -‐ different from bacteria cell walls (although serves a similar purpose) Function: Support for the cell (______________) -‐ Leucoplasts: store _____________ -‐ Chromoplasts: store ________________ -‐ Chloroplasts: * organelle of _____________________: the process by which plants convert sunlight and water into sugar and oxygen In this ANIMAL cell, locate and label the: nucleus, nucleolus, rough ER, smooth ER, mitochondria, golgi complex, centrioles, cell membrane, nuclear membrane, nuclear pore In this PLANT cell, locate and label the: nucleus, nucleolus, rough ER, smooth ER, mitochondria, golgi complex, vacuole, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast