Download Chapter 7: DNA and Gel Electrophoresis Extended Objective Checklist

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Chapter 7: DNA and Gel Electrophoresis
Extended Objective Checklist
At the conclusion of this unit, the student should be able to do:
DNA Background
_____1. Write the full name of the DNA molecule
_____ 2. Describe the structure of a DNA molecule as proposed by Watson
Crick in 1953.
_____3. List four nitrogen bases found in a DNA molecule.
_____ 4. Explain complementary base pairing of DNA.
_____ 5. State the function of a DNA molecule.
_____ 6. Describe two different organelles within a cell where DNA can be found.
_____ 7. Discuss the relationship between DNA and chromosomes.
_____ 8. Discuss the relationship between genes and chromosomes.
_____ 9. Compare DNA found in
a. Two unrelated individuals.
b. Two related individuals.
c. Identical twins.
_____ 10. Explain what is meant by the human genome and the number of genes found in
the human genome.
_____ 11. Explain the difference between an allele and a gene
_____ 12. Describe what percentage of your DNA consists of the coding portion of DNA
and what percentage of your DNA consists of the non-coding DNA?
_____ 13. List 4 different sources of DNA that can be collected from a suspect.
DNA evidence
_____ 14. Explain why DNA evidence is considered to be individual evidence.
© 2009, South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning
_____ 15. Explain how DNA evidence is collected and packaged.
_____ 16. Discuss how DNA is extracted from cells.
_____ 17. Explain how trace DNA evidence can be amplified using PCR reactions.
DNA Fingerprinting
_____ 18. Explain the term gel electrophoresis
_____ 19. Discuss how restriction enzymes are used in DNA fingerprinting. Include in
your answer:
a. Restriction sites on DNA
b. Recognition patterns on DNA
c. Restriction fragment
_____ 20. Given a restriction enzyme and its recognition site, to be able to determine
where the enzyme will cut and how many bands will be produced after the
digest.
_____ 21. Given a picture of a DNA fingerprint, to be able to identify:
a. The largest band
b. The smallest band
_____ 22. State the role of each of the following items:
a. Gel
b. Wells
c. Positive Electrode
d. Negative Electrode
e. Power Source
f. Restriction Enzymes
a. Plastic comb
b. Gel Box
_____ 23. Explain how to load the digested DNA into a well
____ 24. Distinguish between loading dye and stain.
_____ 25. Explain the role of the standard DNA in gel electrophoresis.
_____ 26. Interpret a DNA profile and determine if there is or is not a match between two
different sources.
© 2009, South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning
_____ 27. Compare DNA fingerprinting to regular fingerprinting:
a. What do they have in common?
b. Which one requires the use of fingers?
c. How are they used in forensics?
_____28. Describe VNTRs (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats).
c. These initials are abbreviations for what words?
d. Where do you find VNTRs?
e. What size are VNTRs?
f. How many repeats are possible?
g. Why don’t they seem to have any effect on the person
(refer to “junk DNA” or introns)
_____ 29. Explain the role of VNTRs in gel electrophoresis
_____ 30. Discuss Sir Alex Jeffrey’s observations about polymorphisms found within
DNA
VNTR and STR
_____ 31. Compare and contrast VNTRs with STR (short tandem repeat) in regard to:
a. Size
b. Number of base pairs
_____ 32. Describe how radioactive probes are used in DNA fingerprinting.
_____ 33. If given a specific VNTR, to be able to determine what radioactive probe
would be needed to help identify the VNTR
_____ 34. Compare and contrast a VNTR to a radioactive probe.
_____ 35. Describe an example of varying allele frequencies found between two different
populations and how allele frequencies are determined through population
studies.
_____ 36. Use gene frequencies to estimate the probability of someone matching the
DNA profile.
Uses of DNA fingerprinting
_____ 37. Explain how DNA fingerprinting is used to determine if specimens come from
related or unrelated individuals.
© 2009, South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning
_____ 38. Apply your knowledge of DNA to be able to determine paternity of a child
from analyzing DNA profiles of the child and the man accused of being the
father.
_____ 39. Explain how to use DNA fingerprinting to identify DNA from a parent, child,
or relative of anther person.
_____ 40. Explain the role of DNA fingerprints in:
a. Tissue matching
b. Inheritance matching
mDNA
_____ 41.State the function of the mitochondria
_____ 42. Compare and contrast mitochondria DNA (mDNA) to nuclear DNA
a. Location
b. Number of copies of the DNA
c. Source of DNA
c. Function of DNA
_____ 43. Explain why mDNA is inherited only from the mother and not from the father.
_____ 44. Discuss the advantage of using mDNA instead of nuclear DNA in an attempt
to identify the remains of an individual
© 2009, South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning