Download Practice Benchmark I Page 1 of 12 Directions: Please choose the

Practice Benchmark I
Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.
1. Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular
respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source
of energy for all living things on Earth is
A. carbohydrates.
B. water.
C. the sun.
D. carbon dioxide.
2. Because of photosynthesis,
A. the atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas.
B. animals can get energy directly from the sun.
C. plants produce carbon dioxide.
D. All of the above
3. During photosynthesis, plants make their own energy
through a chemical reaction that turns _____, water and
the sun's energy into _____ and ______.
A. carbon dioxide, sugars, oxygen
B. oxygen, ATP and carbon dioxide
C. sugars, ATP and carbon dioxide
D. carbon dioxide ATP and oxygen
4. Which of these is both a reactant of photosynthesis and
a product of cellular respiration?
A. ATP
B. oxygen
C. glucose
D. carbon dioxide
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DataDirector Exam ID: 47840
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Practice Benchmark I
Directions: Review the content below and answer the questions that follow
5. Refer to the illustration above. The cell uses structure 3
A.
to transport material from one part of the cell to
another.
B.
to package proteins so they can be stored by the
cell.
C. as a receptor protein.
D. to produce ATP.
6. Refer to the illustration above. Structure 2 is
A. rough endoplasmic reticulum.
B. a Golgi apparatus.
C. a mitochondrion.
D. the nucleus.
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DataDirector Exam ID: 47840
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Practice Benchmark I
Directions: Review the content below and answer the questions that follow
7. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following
statements regarding the graph is true?
A.
Reaction 2 occurs faster than Reaction 3 because
Reaction 2 requires more energy than Reaction 3.
The difference between the graphs shown
for Reaction 2 and Reaction 3 is because of
B.
a difference in the activation energy of these
reactions.
Reactant A contains more energy at the beginning
C. of the reaction than product C has after the
reaction.
D. All of the above
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DataDirector Exam ID: 47840
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Practice Benchmark I
Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.
8. The mitochondria convert energy when
A. DNA is transcribed into mRNA.
B. mRNA is translated into proteins.
C.
glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and
water.
D.
carbon dioxide and water chemically combine to
form sugars.
9. In living things, energy is stored in the chemical bonds of
_____ when glucose is converted into carbon dioxide.
A. ATP
B. H2O
C. O2
D. CO2
10. The total amount of ATP that a cell gains for each
glucose molecule depends on the presence of
A. water.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. oxygen.
D. glucose.
11. Energy is released when glucose is converted to carbon
dioxide in the
A. cell membrane.
B. mitochondria.
C. ribosomes.
D. chloroplasts.
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DataDirector Exam ID: 47840
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Practice Benchmark I
Directions: Review the content below and answer the questions that follow
Protein Synthesis
Traits in DNA are expressed through the process of protein synthesis, several stages of which are shown below. The
expression of traits in DNA can be affected by external agents, such as chemicals or high-energy radiation.
12. What is the function of DNA in stage 1 of the process?
A. It transfers amino acids to the ribosomes.
B.
It codes for protein synthesis by first coding for
RNA.
C.
It binds various molecules necessary for protein
synthesis.
D.
It translates bases into codons that are then
transferred to RNA.
13. Which of these BEST describes how DNA and RNA
differ based on each of their functions in this process?
DNA stores the information for protein synthesis,
A. and RNA carries out the instructions encoded in
DNA.
DNA carries the genetic information copied from
B. RNA, and RNA assembles the amino acids in the
correct sequence.
DNA carries the amino acids to the ribosomes for
C. protein synthesis, and RNA carries the genetic
code into the cytoplasm.
DNA catalyzes the assembling of amino acids into
D. protein chains, and RNA binds various molecules
necessary for protein synthesis.
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Practice Benchmark I
14. Which of these MOST LIKELY would occur as a result
of a deletion in the third base of the original DNA code?
A mutation would occur because the amino acid
A. sequence changes from the third base, C, to the
end.
B.
A mutation would occur because the third base, T,
of the second code pairs with its adjacent base, C.
The third base, A, on the mRNA codon would be
C. deleted and cause the abnormal functioning of
proteins.
The proteins would not function normally because
D. the amino acid sequence changes from the third
base, T, to the end.
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Practice Benchmark I
Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.
15. How are proteins synthesized within cells?
A DNA sequence in the nucleus is transcribed into
A. mRNA, which is then transported to the ribosomes,
where it is translated into proteins.
18. Dystrophin is a protein that is missing in people with
muscular dystrophy. Which part of the cell would
scientists MOST LIKELY study in order to discover why
this protein is missing?
A. genetic material in the nucleus
A DNA sequence in the nucleus is transcribed into
mRNA, which is then transported to the smooth
B.
endoplasmic reticulum, where it is translated into
proteins.
B. lipid material in the membrane
C. carbohydrates in the Golgi apparatus
D. enzymes in the mitochondrial membrane
An mRNA sequence in the ribosomes is transcribed
C. into DNA, which is then transported to the nucleus,
where it is translated into proteins.
An mRNA sequence in the lysosomes is
D. transcribed into DNA, which is then transported to
the ribosomes, where it is translated into proteins.
19. Which statement BEST describes a step of DNA
replication in a human cell?
A.
The two new DNA strands form a double helix of a
new chromosome.
First a copy of one DNA strand is made, and then
B. the correct bases are matched to it to form the new
double helix.
16. DNA contains direct instructions for how to build which
part of a cell?
One DNA strand is copied and then carried to a
C. ribosome where the correct bases are matched to
form the new double helix.
A. lipids
B. nucleus
C. proteins
Both DNA strands are copied simultaneously,
one continuously in the direction that the DNA
D.
unzips and the other piece by piece in the opposite
direction.
D. carbohydrates
17. Which statement BEST explains the role of ribosomes in
protein synthesis?
A.
Ribosomes are the sites where DNA is transcribed
into mRNA.
B.
Ribosomes carry mRNA to the cytoplasm where it
is translated into DNA.
C.
Ribosomes assemble chains of proteins from
pieces of DNA in the nucleus.
D.
Ribosomes are the sites where the message in
mRNA is translated into proteins.
20. Which of these BEST describes the sequence of steps in
protein synthesis?
RNA is replicated in the nucleus
DNA is
A. assembled from RNA at the ribosomes
proteins
are assembled at the ribosomes
RNA is replicated in the ribosomes
RNA is
B. transcribed to DNA in the cytoplasm
proteins are
assembled in the cytoplasm
C.
DNA is transcribed to RNA at the ribosomes
RNA carries the genetic information into the
nucleus
proteins are assembled in the nucleus
DNA is transcribed to RNA in the nucleus
RNA
D. carries the genetic information into the cytoplasm
proteins are assembled at the ribosomes
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Practice Benchmark I
21. Where is the information stored that determines the
structure of the many different protein molecules
essential to a living organism?
A. ATP
25. The diagram below represents some of the structures
involved in protein synthesis. Molecule 1 brings amino
acids to the point where they are added to a growing
protein chain.
B. DNA
C. enzymes
D. ribosomes
22. What is the general pathway by which proteins are
synthesized?
A. DNA --> mRNA --> tRNA --> protein
B. mRNA --> DNA --> rRNA --> protein
C. rRNA --> tRNA --> mRNA --> protein
Which type of molecule is represented by Molecule 1 in
the diagram?
D. tRNA --> rRNA --> mRNA --> protein
A. transfer RNA
B. messenger RNA
23. DNA contains the information used to produce
new materials, such as proteins. Which of these
best describes how information flows from DNA?
C. a single strand of DNA
D. a double strand of DNA
A. from DNA to the Golgi body to proteins
B. from DNA to proteins to messenger RNA
26. Which function do ribosomes within a cell perform?
C. from DNA to messenger RNA to proteins
A. separating the DNA strands during replication
D. from DNA to messenger RNA to the Golgi body
B. generating the energy required for cell functions
24. The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the
A. nucleus.
B. Golgi apparatus.
C.
processing the genetic instructions carried by
mRNA
D.
breaking down waste products and moving
materials within the cell
C. central vacuole.
D. nuclear envelope.
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DataDirector Exam ID: 47840
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Practice Benchmark I
27. The table below shows the genetic code. Below the
table is a section of mRNA.
29. Which statement explains how messenger RNA provides
a code for the formation of a protein?
A.
four bases in the RNA code for one amino acid in
the protein
B.
one base in the RNA code for three amino acids in
the protein
C.
three bases in the RNA code for one amino acid in
the protein
D.
one base in the RNA code for four amino acids in
the protein
30. Scientists are studying an inherited disease in which
cells make an inactive protein that is too small. Which
statement MOST LIKELY explains why the cells make an
inactive protein?
A. Only introns were used to create the protein.
B.
The codons in the mRNA each contained only two
nucleotides.
C. There was a mutation in the cell's DNA sequence.
Section of mRNA
GUCCAAACG
D.
Based on the information in the table, which of these
amino acid sequences is coded for by the mRNA
section?
A. Val-Gln-Thr
B. Cys-Thr-Gln
There were too few amino acids in the nucleus to
make a normal protein.
31. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited genetic disorder
resulting in a chronic disease. Which process is
responsible for the original appearance of this trait?
A. gene flow
C. Phe-Ser-Tyr
B. genetic drift
D. Val-Pro-Asn
C. genetic mutation
D. gene recombination
28. Which statement describes the difference between DNA
and RNA, based on their nitrogenous bases?
A.
DNA contains thymine but not uracil, whereas RNA
contains uracil but not thymine.
32. A change that occurs in a single nucleotide is called a
DNA contains uracil but not thymine, whereas RNA
B.
contains thymine but not uracil.
C.
DNA contains adenine but not guanine, whereas
RNA contains guanine but not adenine.
D.
DNA contains guanine but not cytosine, whereas
RNA contains cytosine but not guanine.
A. frameshift mutation.
B. inversion mutation.
C. point mutation.
D. translocation.
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Practice Benchmark I
33. Distinct groups of cells with a similar structure and
function are called
A. organ systems.
B. organs.
C. tissues.
D. bodies.
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DataDirector Exam ID: 47840
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Practice Benchmark I
Directions: Review the content below and answer the questions that follow
34. The entire molecule shown in the diagram above is
called a(n)
A. amino acid.
B. nucleotide.
C. polysaccharide.
D. pyrimidine.
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DataDirector Exam ID: 47840
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Practice Benchmark I
Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.
35. In cells of all organisms, adenine and thymine are in
equal amounts while guanine and cytosine are in equal
amounts. If cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in
DNA, what percent will be thymine?
A. 12
B. 24
C. 38
D. 62
36. In RNA, the base _______ is substituted for the base,
thymine, in DNA.
A. guanine
B. uracil
C. adenine
D. cytosine
37. Which list gives the first few steps of DNA replication?
A.
DNA unwinds, DNA strands separate,
complementary nucleotides are added
B.
complementary nucleotides are added, DNA
strands separate, DNA unwinds
C.
DNA strands separate, complementary nucleotides
are added, DNA unwinds
D.
complementary nucleotides are added, DNA
unwinds, DNA strands separate
38. What is the strand of RNA that will be copied from the
DNA strand T-A-G-C-T?
A. U-A-G-C-U
B. A-U-C-G-A
C. T-U-C-G-T
D. U-U-G-C-U
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