* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cell Structure
Survey
Document related concepts
Protein moonlighting wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Chapter 7-2 Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html GPS Standard • SAP1. Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions. • d. Relate cellular metabolism and transport to homeostasis and cellular reproduction. Nucleus Function: 1. To control the activities of the cell 2. Houses the DNA (genetic material • Found in all eukaryotic cells • First identified by botanist Robert Brown • Surrounded by a porous nuclear envelope Nuclear Envelope/Membrane • A double membrane barrier that surrounds the nucleus. • Contains nuclear pores that materials pass through Function: Allows things to pass into and out of the nucleus (it is selectively permeable) Nucleolus • A dense region inside the nucleus Function: Makes ribosomes Chromatin / Chromosomes •Structure inside the nucleus that contains the DNA •Called chromatin when the cell is not dividing and called chromosomes when the cell is dividing. • Function: Passes DNA to new cells Plasma (Cell) Membrane • Made of two layers of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) with embedded proteins • Forms a flexible barrier between the cell and its surroundings Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell (Selectively Permeable) Cytoplasm • Material between the cell membrane and the nucleus • Jelly-like fluid that surrounds the organelles Function: It allows transportation within the cell and provides an environment for the organelles Vacuole • Saclike structures • Usually large in plant cells and smaller and more numerous in animal cells Function: 1. Stores water, food, & waste 2. Provides pressure for support in plant cells Mitochondria • It is a double membrane organelle • The inner membrane is folded to increase surface area Function: Release energy stored in food and produce ATP (an energy molecule) during cellular respiration (the powerhouse of the cell) Ribosomes • Small bodies made up of RNA and proteins • Found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER • Made of two subunits that fit together Function: To make proteins Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • The ER is an extensively folded, internal membrane • Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface • Smooth ER does not have ribosomes Function: Assembles, modifies, and transports cellular products Golgi Apparatus • It consists of six or seven flattened membrane sacs • Discovered by Camillo Golgi Function: To collect and package proteins and lipids modified in the ER LYSOSOMES • Lysosomes are spherical organelles in the cytoplasm. • They contain digestive enzymes. Function: They digest and recycle used components of the cell, cell invaders, and prey Peroxisomes • Detoxify harmful • Membrane sacs that substances like alcohol contain oxidase and formaldehyde • Found a lot in the • Disarm dangerous free liver and kidneys radicals Cytoskeleton • Crisscrossed network of proteins fibers 1. Microtubules – hollow tubes of protein 2. Microfilaments – long, thin protein fibers Function: Supports the shape of cells and anchors its organelles Centrioles • Found only in animal cells • Made of bundles of microtubules • Function: Helps with cell division Flagella • Long, hair-like structures • Composed of bundled microtubules that project from the cell’s surface Function: Used for locomotion (movement) Cilia • Hair-like structures that are smaller and more numerous than flagella Function: Locomotion – moving the entire cell or for moving substances past the cell