Download Bio07_TR__U04_CH12.QXD

Name _______________________________
Class ___________________
Date _______________
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, identify each kind of RNA.
Ribosome
Amino acid
Uracil
1.
2.
3.
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
matches each description.
_____________
4. transformation
_____________
5. bacteriophage
_____________
6. histone
_____________
7. replication
_____________
8. DNA polymerase
_____________
9. promoter
_____________ 10. introns
_____________ 11. codon
_____________ 12. mutation
_____________ 13. polyploidy
_____________ 14. operon
_____________ 15. differentiation
a. process in which one strain of bacteria changes
into another one
b. process in which DNA makes a copy of itself
c. protein that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic
chromosomes
d. virus that infects bacteria
e. region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme
where to bind to make RNA
f. a change in the genetic material
g. sections of RNA molecules that are not involved
in coding for proteins
h. a group of genes that operate together
i. three nucleotides that specify a single amino
acid to be added to a polypeptide
j. process in which cells become specialized in
structure and function
k. the principal enzyme involved in DNA
replication
l. condition in which an organism has extra sets of
chromosomes
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences:
16. A(An) ________________________ is made up of three parts: a
deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
17. The principle of _________________________ states that hydrogen
bonds can form only between certain bases in DNA.
18. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein tightly packed together
to form a substance called ______________________________________ .
19. During the process of ______________________ , RNA molecules
are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a
complementary sequence in RNA.
20. The enzyme that uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides
into a strand of RNA is called __________________________________ .
21. After introns have been cut out of RNA molecules, the remaining
pieces called ______________________ are spliced together.
22. The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein is known as____________________________ .
23. The three bases on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to one of the
mRNA codons are called a(an) ________________________________ .
24. When the lac repressor protein binds to the
____________________ , the lac operon is turned off.
25. A series of genes, called the ______________________ , controls the development of organs and
tissues in various parts of an embryo.
26. Genetic information is altered when changes in the DNA sequence occur,
called_____________________.
27. Changes in the DNA sequence of a single gene are called____________________
28. The DNA sequence of an entire chromosome is affected by a(an)___________________.
29. The three main types of RNA are
and
30. Copying part of a nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA is
called
31. An enzyme that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription is
RNA
32. During the process of
the information carried by mRNA is used
to produce proteins.
33. Each tRNA molecule contains three unpaired bases, called the
________________________which are complementary to one mRNA codon.
34. The structure of a DNA molecule can be described as a(an) __________________ .
35. The structure of DNA was discovered by ___________________ and________________
.
Matching On the lines provided, match the letter of the scientist(s)
b. Avery
a. Griffith
c. Hershey and Chase
_____________ 1. concluded that the genetic material of a bacteriophage is DNA
_____________ 2. concluded that DNA was the factor that transmits genetic
information from one generation to the next.
_____________ 3. concluded that bacteria could be transformed from harmless
to disease-causing by an unknown factor
Interpreting Graphics On the lines corresponding to the numbers on the diagram,
identify the following parts of the DNA molecule: hydrogen bonds, nucleotide, sugarphosphate backbone.
6.
7.
8.
Reviewing Key Skills
Using Analogies A double helix looks like a twisted ladder. Which parts of a twisted
ladder are analogous to the hydrogen bonds and sugar-phosphate backbones of
a double helix of DNA?
Calculating Use Chargaff’s rules to determine the approximate percentage of thymine in a
DNA molecule, if 28% of the nucleotides in the molecule contain adenine.
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences using these
terms: mutations, generation, organisms, selective breeding, genetic variation,
traits, and genetic variability.
In the process of _________________________ , animals are bred to produce
desired ________________________ in the next _________________________ of
_______________________ , such as dogs and horses.
Breeders can increase the _________________________ in a population by
inducing ________________________ , which are the source of _________________________ .
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentence using three of the
following words: inside, outside, DNA, RNA, replication, transformation.
During _______________________ , a cell takes in DNA from________________________
the cell, which then becomes part of the cell’s __________________________ .
Identifying Processes On the lines provided, describe the steps in the
transformation of bacteria shown here.
Gene for human
growth hormone
Bacterial cell
Plasmid
What happens to the recombinant DNA during a successful cell transformation?
Applying Concepts How might a plasmid be used to alter the characteristics of an organism?
Applying Concepts Suppose the DNA sequence GCTATATCG was changed to GCGATATCG.
How would the products of transcription and translation be affected?
Identifying Structures On the lines provided, identify each diagram as one of the following
mutations: translocation, inversion, duplication, deletion.
Then, describe what happens during each mutation.