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☰ Search Explore Log in Create new account Upload × D’YOUVILLE COLLEGE BIOLOGY 102 - INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY II LECTURE # 8 CELL STRUCTURE II 4. Energy-producing Organelles: • mitochondria (fig. 6 – 17 & ppt. 1): frequently sausage-shaped; important generator of energy (ATP) for the cell (aerobic respiration) - membranes: organized into outer and inner membranes; inner is folded into cristae - compartments: intermembrane space + internal matrix • chloroplasts (fig. 6 – 18 & ppt. 2): specialized plastid containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis - internal organization: elliptical shape with internal stroma; pigment photosystems are highly ordered and arrayed on thylakoids (membranes with granal & intergranal regions) 5. Cytoskeleton: fibrous substances acting to maintain integrity and shape of cell structure (intermediate filaments); also instrumental in cell motility (fig. 6 – 20, table 6 – 1 & ppts. 3 & 4) • microtubules: composed of protein, tubulin; capable of lengthening or shortening to direct movements of attached structures (chromosomes); provide tracks for movement through cytosol (collaborate with motor proteins) (fig. 6 – 21 & ppt. 5) - microtubular organizing centers: animal cells grow microtubules from centrosomes, some with centrioles (microtubular structures with 9 triplet arrangement – fig. 6 – 22 & ppt. 6)); in plants this function is performed by an unidentified organelle Biology 102, lec 8 - Spring ‘12 page 2 - cilia & flagella (fig. 6 –23, 6 – 24 & ppts. 7 & 8): involve microtubular cores with a “9 + 2” arrangement (derived from basal bodies); involved in extracellular motility (collaborate with motor proteins) (fig. 6 – 25 & ppts. 9 & 10); flagellar motion – undulating action generates motion parallel to flagellum axis; ciliary motion – oar-like action generation motion perpendicular to cilium axis (fig. 6 – 23 & ppt. 7) - spindle apparatus of cell division: microtubules direct movements of chromosomes in cell division • microfilaments (fig. 6 – 26, 6 – 27 & ppt. 11): threadlike strands composed of actin confer gel-like quality to external cytoplasm (cortical cytoplasm), helping stabilize shape; interaction with myosin at one end of cell extrudes liquid central cytoplasm at other end into pseudopodium - in skeletal muscle, thicker myosin microfilaments overlap with actin to cause contractile movements 6. Cell Periphery: • cell walls (fig. 6 – 28 & ppt. 12): non-living outer layers (plants, fungi, bacteria) - plant cell wall – cellulose impregnated with various other substances; fungi and some bacteria feature walls of chitin (polysaccharide) • extracellular matrix: mixture of proteins, polysaccharides and proteincarbohydrate complexes; facilitate communication between extracellular milieu & cell interior (animal cells – fig. 6 – 30 & ppt. 13) • cell-to-cell junctions: cytoplasmic bridges span walls of adjacent plant cells (plasmodesmata) (fig. 6 – 31 & ppt. 12) Biology 102, lec 8 - Spring ‘12 page 3 - animal cell junctions serve to seal intercellular spaces (tight junctions), to hold cells together (desmosomes), or to facilitate intercellular transmission of materials (gap junctions) (fig. 6 – 32 & ppt. 14) Download 1. Science 2. Biology 3. Cell Biology 08. Cell Organelle II.doc Chloroplasts and photosynthesis 11. Chemreact-enz.doc A2 4.3.1 Photosynthesis Biol 178 Lecture 7 Chloroplasts View Revision Note Energy in cells - Skinners` School Science PHOTOSYNTHESIS is a physiological process by Plastids Lect. 7 61 Chloroplasts and Mitoch Bones - Our eclass community Chapter 15 Summary (Photosynthesis) studylib © 2017 DMCA Report