Download Chapter 12 Test Review

Name_________________________
Chapter 12 Test Review
DNA & RNA
1. What are the discoveries of the following scientist:
Griffith - ________________________________________________________________________
Avery - ________________________________________________________________________
Hershey and Chase - ________________________________________________________________
Chargraff - _______________________________________________________________________
Rosalind Franklin - _________________________________________________________________
Watson and Crick – _________________________________________________________________
2. Chargaff’s rules state that in DNA, the amount of adenine (A) equals the amount of ______________
3. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of _______ = _______ & ________ = _________
4. What is the polymer of nucleotide ____________________________________________________
5. A DNA nucleotide is composed of a phosphate, ___________________sugar and a ______________base.
6. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on ___________________.
7. The two types of nucleic acids are _______________ and ________________________.
8. Which molecule carries the genetic code? _____________
9. DNA is composed of ____strands. RNA is composed of ____ strand.
10. Which nitrogen base is NOT found in RNA? _____________________
11. Which nitrogen base is NOT found in DNA? _____________________________
12. The sugar in RNA is called _____________
13. Which three nitrogen bases do RNA and DNA have in common? ________, _______, ________.
14. DNA’s shape is described as a _______________________________ ______________________.
15. Special structures that contain DNA located in the nucleus that carry genetic information are called as
____________
16. The process of ________________________________________ is necessary before a cell divides into 2 cells.
17. The first step in DNA replication is the DNA strand _______________ & _____________.
18. The term ____________________________ refers to DNA’s ability to make copies of itself.
19. When DNA is replicated, the result is ____ identical strands of DNA.
20. A _____________________ is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for the manufacture of a
particular amino acid chain.
21. The parts of DNA that provide the code for proteins are the _______________ ___________.
22. Proteins are composed of monomers called ______________________________ _______
23. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ____________ ________ in proteins.
24. The process of transferring information from DNA to RNA is called ________________________.
It results into manufacturing a complementary strand of RNA.
25. The process of transcription takes place in the __________________________.
26. During transcription, the _________________ _________ between base pairs are broken.
27. A three-base code (on mRNA) for an amino acid is called a ____________________________.
28. During transcription, DNA serves as a template for producing _____________, which leaves the nucleus.
_________________ carries coded instructions from DNA to ribosome
29. Write the sequence of mRNA that would result from the transcription of the following section of DNA.
ACAATATGCT
mRNA- ______________________________
30. This type of RNA, along with proteins, makes up the structure of a ribosome ___________________
31. Which organelle makes proteins when its RNA moves along the mRNA and reads the message during
protein synthesis? ___________________________________
32. Which process changes the mRNA base sequence into the amino acid sequence for protein synthesis?
______________________________
33. Which type of RNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome to be put in the correct sequence?
_______
34. Transfer RNAs have a region on them called a _________________________ that compliments a mRNA.
35. The ____________of a tRNA molecule determines the type of amino acid that bonds with the tRNA.
36. When the codon “AUG” is read by a ribosome, it tells protein production to ____________________.
37. When the ribosome reads a ___________________, the process of protein synthesis stops.
38. How many amino acids are there? _____________________
39. Define Mutation - _____________________________
40. When one or more bases from the DNA of a gene is lost, it is a __________________________ mutation.
41. A gene mutation can be thought of as a change in ___________________________ sequence.
42. Write down the types of gene mutations- ______________ (point mutation) , ______________
(frameshift) , ___________ (frameshift).
43. Put the following steps of protein synthesis in the correct order using the numbers 1-6. Number 1 would
be the first step, number 2 the second and so on.
_____
A ribosome moves along the mRNA and adds more amino acids to the protein
_____
The ribosome binds to the start codon on an mRNA molecule
_____
mRNA leaves the nucleus enters the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome
_____
The ribosome reaches a stop codon and releases the new protein
_____
tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome
_____
DNA unzips and mRNA is transcribed from the DNA in the nucleus
44. Using your codon wheel, what are the two codons for Lysine (LYS)? _______ & _______
45. Write the sequence of mRNA that would result from the transcription of the following section of DNA.
Write your answer on the blank. Then referring mRNA codons write down the correct amino acid sequence
in the polypeptide chain (you can write first 3 letters/abbreviations of amino acids) using codon wheel.
DNA strand TACATAACGGCTATC
mRNA strand -
___________________________________
Amino acid sequence - ____________________________________
46. What kind of chromosomal mutation results from processes A, B, C, and D?
______________________________________________________.
47. In prokaryotes, a (n) _________________ is a group of genes that are operated together.
48. A series of genes, known as the __________ ___________, tell the cells of the body how they should
differentiate as the body grows.
49. RNA polymerase binds only to region of DNA known as_________________ to begin transcription.
50.
Inversions in a chromosome occur when a piece of chromosome breaks off and is reinserted upside
down. Which of the following pictures shows an inversion?
Be sure to study from your notes, handouts, homework and assignments for the test.