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AP Biology Review Sheet for Chapters 18,19, and 20 Test (Test on Wednesday, Jan 19th) Chapter 18 Vocabulary and objectives Capsid virus phage lytic cycle lysogenic cycle prophage Retrovirus HIV vaccines prions restriction viroids Conjugation transformation transduction insertion sequence operator transposons repressor lac and trp inducer activator corepressor Understand the difference between lysogenic and lytic cycles for virus reproduction Understand how HIV, as a retrovirus, works Understand the different ways in which bacteria can reproduce and share genetic information Understand the difference between the lac and trp operons Chapter 19 Vocabulary and objectives Chromatin nucleosome heterochromatin euchromatin Looped domains chromosome cell differentiation gene expression Acetylation epigenetics transcription factors oncogenes protooncogenes Barbara McClintock methylation Alternative rna splicing 30nm fiber enhancers tumor-suppressing genes Understand the different levels of chromatin packing Understand the basic differences between prokaryotic operons and eukaryotic operons Understand the stages of gene expression that can be regulated Understand how cancer causing and suppressing genes operate Understand how gene regulation ties into evolution Chapter 20 Vocabulary and Objectives Genetic engineering recombinant DNA technology Biotechnology Restriction site sticky end cloning vector nucleic acid hybridization Genomic library PCR Gel Electrophoresis Southern blotting Human Genome Project Genomics Proteomics gene therapy Transgenic animal Ti plasmid GM organism snips gene cloning clone RFLP DNA fingerprint Understand how gene cloning works. Discuss a situation when a scientist would want to use gene cloning. Discuss a situation when a scientist would want to use nucleic acid hybridization Describe PCR. Discuss a situation when a scientist would want to use PCR Describe the process of gel electrophoresis. Discuss a situation when a scientist would want to use gel electrophoresis. Discuss ways in which biotechnology is being used in the world today (or could be used in the future) Key Figures- A picture is worth a thousand words. Please understand what is occurring in these figures throughout chapters 18-20. 18.7 18.10 18.21 18.22 19.2 19.3 19.5 19.6 19.13 19.16 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.7 20.8 20.14 20.16 20,19