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UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES PAGE 1 Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: Date: March 22, 2010 This examination paper consists of 4 pages. Appendices: none Permitted materials: none The number of answers (crosses) for each question must match the number shown in brackets to the right. 1. Which of the following statements are not true? Pyrrolysine is an amino acid The genetic code has three stop codons DNA has a helical diameter of 1- 3 nm Nucleotides consist of sugar, phosphate, and a ba se Alphoid DNA is found in telomeres The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has about 6000 genes Eukaryotic viruses often have a head-and-tail capsid Retroviral genomes always integrate into the genome of the host cell Viroids contain no genes The P element of Drosophila is a transposon RNA transposons can be used as DNA markers Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are LTR retro elements Deoxyribose is a pentose (3) 2. Which of the following histones are part of a nucleosome? Histone H1A Histone H1B Histone H2A Histone H3 Histone H5 (2) 3. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) requires deoxynucleotides requires a labeled probe is used in physical mapping of genomes is used in genetic mapping of genomes requires a DNA polymerase 4. Protein-protein interactions can be identified by The yeast two-hybrid system Microarrays Affinity chromatography Transposon tagging Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) 5. A STS (Sequence Tagged Site) is a protein sequence is an RNA sequence is a DNA sequence is used in genetic mapping (2) (2) (1) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES PAGE 2 Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: Date: March 22, 2010 6. A codon bias is found in all organisms is not found in mitochondria is used to identify exons is used to identify functional RNA genes is found for all amino acids 7. Bacterial genomes do not contain transposons are always circular are compacted by supercoiling frequently contain operons are normally diploid (2) 8. An -helix is a DNA structure is a protein structure winds to the left winds to the right is stabilized by hydrogen bonds is stabilized by disulfide bonds (3) 9. Ribosomal RNAs code for ribosomal proteins function in transcription of genes are the most abundant ribonucleic acids in cells are not found in mitochondria 10. Centromeres contain satellite DNA contain many tightly packed genes are common in bacterial chromosomes function in DNA replication contain histones occur only in eukaryotes are always located in the middle of chromosomes 11. Which of the following elements can be used as DNA marker? Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) Long terminal repeat elements (LTR elements) Microsatellites Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) Genes DNA Transposons Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) (2) (1) (3) (4) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES PAGE 3 Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: Date: March 22, 2010 12. Genes can be inactivated by transposon tagging zoo-blotting cDNA capture homologous recombination exon trapping (2) 13. DNA is a polypeptide contains ribose contains guanine is always double-stranded is stabilized by base stacking (2) 14. RNA transposons make up more than 40% of the human genome can be as short as 100 bp occur in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes transpose conservatively code for a transposase enzyme (2) 15. All eukaryotic nuclear chromosomes are circular have only one origin of replication have only one centromer end in telomeres (1) 16. Partial linkage was discovered in the eighteenth century was discovered by Gregor Mendel is used in physical mapping is only found for sequences that are on the same chromosome (1) 17. All template-dependent DNA polymerases use DNA as template synthesize DNA in 3’ -> 5’ direction require a primer to initiate DNA synthesis have also 5’ -> 3’ exonuclease activity (1) 18. The human genome has a size of about 3.2 billion base pairs contains less than 20,000 genes contains more than 3 million retroelements is divided into 25 chromosomes is the largest genome known to date (2) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES PAGE 4 Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: Date: March 22, 2010 19. Reverse transcriptases are viral enzymes synthesize RNA do not require a primer to function are DNA polymerases (2) 20. Nucleosomes consist of DNA and proteins are only present in the nucleus are found in bacteria contain 6 proteins are not found in telomeres (2) 21. -sheets are stabilized by hydrophobic bonds ionic bonds hydrogen bonds covalent bonds all of the above none of the above (1) 22. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are DNA transposons end with a poly(A) sequence contain a gene coding for a reverse transcriptase are usually shorter than 500 bp (2) Total number of correct answers: (43)