Download BIO_Protein_Synthesis_Outline - Cole Camp R-1

BIOLOGY LECTURE -- CHAPTER 10
Protein Synthesis
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A. Importance of DNA
▪
▸ “DE”
▸ “Oxy”
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Cells have a Thread-like material called _____________________________
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This material thickens and forms __________________________________
–It is this material that is responsible for passing on the
________________________________information.
▪
CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE UP OF THE FOLLOWING:
▪
1) ____________________________:
▸
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_______________________: Building blocks of Proteins (20 common)
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2) __________________________:
▸
▪Nucleic Acids make up NUCLEOTIDES, which built from the following 3 parts:
▸
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▪____________---
___________________________________________
▸Describe the DNA molecule as being Spiral in Shape with the BASES on the
inside and the Sugar- Phosphate Groups on the outside.
▪____________--▸ ____________________________________ (American Biologist)
▸ _____________________________________ (British Biophysicist)
–They proposed the ____________________ for the structure of DNA
▪STRUCTURE OF DNA
▸1)
▸2)
▸3)
▸4)
▸5)
▸6)
▸7)
Model proposed was in the shape of a __________________________
This ladder was twisted to form a ______________________________
The Sides of the ladder contained the ____________________________
The Rungs were _____________________________
The Sugar is a ______Carbon Sugar called ___________________________
To each Deoxyribose, there is a _____________________________________
connected.
The Rungs are connected by weak ___________________________________
▸DNA is built up of small units called __________________________________
(See earlier in notes)
▸Several million nucleotides may be found in a single DNA strand
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DNA BASES
▪1)
▪2)
▸These are referred to as _______________________________________
▪These Bases belong to 2 Organic Classes:
▸ 1)
▸ 2)
–SEE OVERHEAD (HANDOUT)
II. THE ROLES OF DNA AND RNA
▪
A.
▸
▪3 Processes involved:
▸1)
▸2)
▸3)
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ON BASE STRUCTURE
▪A T C G G C T T A T G C C A
▪----------------------------------------------------------▪
▸
▸
–This is what Replication is all about!!
B. TRANSCRIPTION
▪Proteins are synthesized on the __________________________________
▪With the help of Enzymes, The information of One strand of DNA is copied
_____________________________ exactly.
▸This copy is called _______________________________________________
▸_________________________________
is the process of transferring the
information from DNA to RNA
▪3 Types of RNA:
▸1) _____________________________________ ---Carries genetic information
from the Nucleus to the Ribosomes in the Cytoplasm
▸2) _____________________________________--- Carries the Amino Acids in
the Cytoplasm to the Ribosomes
▸3) _____________________________________
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--- Is found in the Ribosomes
HOW DOES A CELL MAKE MESSENGER RNA?
▪1)
▪2)
▪3)
▪4)
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DNA AND RNA:
▪1)
▪2)
▸ __________________________________________________________!!!!!
▪3)
III. CODONS DETERMINE THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
▪There are 1000's of bases on an RNA strand, and they can occur in any order.
▪__________________________________ are not important to Protein Synthesis
▪______________________: This is a Group of 3 Bases.
Also referred to as a _________________________
▪____________Bases can combine to make ____________________3-Base
Combinations
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mRNA CODONS:
▪1)
▪2)
▪3)
▪4)
▪5)
▪6)
▪7)
▸*** ______________________________---> Gets the Sequence Started
▸*** ______________________________---> Stops the Sequence
C. TRANSLATION
▪The actual process of bonding Amino Acids to form Proteins
▪REASON:
▸“Also Known As”
---
______________________________________
Transfer RNA:
▪Shaped like a _______________________
▸One end has an attachment site for an _____________________________
▸The other end is an Exposed Base Triplet called an ______________________
–ANTICODON:
–EXAMPLES:
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