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Transcript
DNA Connection Ch. 4, section 4 Line up of Genes • 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes in the human body. • Chromosomes are made of many genes joined together like beads on a string. Genes and DNA • • • • • DNA is made up of 4 nitrogen bases. Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Gene- contains the info for one specific protein. - Arranged in order ex. ATGACGTAG Order of the Bases • Nitrogen bases along a gene forms a genetic code that specifies what type of protein will be produced. • Proteins are long chains of individual amino acids. • A group 3 DNA bases codes for one specific amino acid. How cells make proteins • Protein Synthesis: the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein. • Takes place on the ribosome in the cytoplasm RNA • Messenger RNA carries the genetic code from the DNA inside the nucleus into the cytoplasm. (ribonucleic acid) • DNA has 2 stands • RNA has 1 strand • RNA contains a different sugar molecule. • RNA contains uracil. Types of RNA • Messenger RNA- copies the coded message from the DNA and then carries it to the ribosome. • Transfer RNA- carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to growing proteins. . • .
