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Transcript
Name: _______________________________________________ Period: _______ Date:________________ H Biology Organelles 7.2 Cell Structure Define the term cell: basic unit of structure and function in living things Define the term organelle: specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within eukaryotic cells Structure Function P E P Cellular Control Center Nucleus CONTROL CENTER OF CELL, CONTAINS DNA Nucleolus Site of ribosome synthesis Chromatin Stores hereditary info - Complex of DNA bound to proteins Condensed chromatin – found during cell division Double membrane lined with pores Pores that allow substances to enter and leave nucleus Store materials Plant – central – large stores water Contractile – rids organism of excess water Store and move materials between cell organelles and to/from cell surface Contain digestive enzymes to break down and recycle macromolecules Maintain cell shape; Chromosomes Nuclear Membrane Nuclear pore Organelles that store, clean-up, and support Vacuoles Vesicles Lysosomes Cytoskeleton Structure/Sketch ANALOGY A Main office/boss/ computer Flash drive/hard drive store info Storage area Rare Clean up crew/ recycling center Beams of move cell parts, help cell move Organelles that build proteins Microtubules Maintain cell shape, make up cilia, flagella and centrioles Microfilaments Contribute to cell movement Centrioles Organize cell division Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Assembles lipids and proteins, provides pathway for molecules to move w/in cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER Has ribosomes – produces proteins Smooth ER No ribosomes – builds lipids, detoxifies Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of cell Convert solar energy to chemical energy (carbs) stored in food Golgi apparatus Organelles that capture and release ENERGY Chloroplasts Photosynthesis (see below) Secretary bc they organize Workers Highway / conveyor belt Post office / shipping center Solar power plant Mitochondria Convert chemical energy in food to usable compounds Powerhouse power plant Cell Wall Shapes, supports and protects the cell Regulates materials entering and leaving Gate Cellular Respiration Cellular Boundaries building Cell Membrane Door/Gate keeper Fluid portion outside of nucleus Cytoplasm cell; protects and supports cell Jelly like material (even though no nucleus) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS o Describe the steps involved in the synthesis, packaging, and exporting of a protein from a cell. Proteins assembled on ribosomes (if targeted for export to cm or to specialized locations w/in cell, complete their assembly on RER protein in vesicle Golgi apparatus (further modifies, proteins before sorting and packaging them in membrane bound vesicles vesicle final destination o What are the two major parts of the cell? Cytoplasm with organelles, and nucleus o How do contractive vacuoles help maintain water balance? Pump out excess water o What is the difference between rough and smooth ER? Rough has ribosomes, smooth does not o Why is the cell membrane sometimes referred to as a fluid mosaic? What part of the cell membrane acts like a fluid? And what makes it like a mosaic? It is made of many parts (like a mosaic) that can float around in the fluid phospholipid bilayer o How do the properties of lipids help explain the structure of the cell membrane? Hydrophilic lipid heads are attracted to water, hydrophobic fatty acid tails turn away from water. A bilayer forms when heads turn outward towards water inside and outside a cell o Why do you think it’s important that cell membranes are selectively permeable? Allows needed substances to enter and wastes to leave, while keeping molecules that are not needed out