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Chapter 12 Test Study Guide: DNA and DNA Replication
1. Describe the experiments and /or contributions of each of the following scientists (You may
draw to help summarize their work).
 Griffith –
How did Griffith arrive at the conclusion that a gene from one kind of bacteria transformed
another kind of bacteria?
 Avery, Macleod and McCarty –
What did Avery conclude caused transformation?
 Hershey and Chase –
How did Hershey and Chase know that it was the DNA that had infected the bacterial cells in their
experiment?
 Watson and Crick –
What did Watson and Crick create with the model of DNA?
 Franklin –
What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the effort to identify the structure of DNA?
 Chargaff –
 What is Chargaff’s Rule?
2. Draw and label a bacteriophage.
3. What is a bacteriophage?
4. What are the 3 essential functions of DNA (In the text, they compared this to a book)?
5. DNA is a _________________________ made up of many small repeating units called
________________________.
6. Describe the structure of DNA.
7. Draw and label a nucleotide (3 main parts).
8. What are the four nitrogenous bases of DNA?
9. What two kinds of bonds help hold the DNA molecule together?
10. Where are each of the two types of bonds found in the DNA molecule?
11. Compare and contrast the prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome(s).
12. Where is DNA found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
13. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication (Drawings may help with
this question).
14. Describe the function(s) of DNA polymerase in replication.
15. What is the center of the chromosome called?
16. What are the tips of a chromosome called?
17. What problem occurs at the tips of chromosomes during replication?
18. What enzyme attempts to “fix” this problem? How?