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Cell Structures & Functions
Name _____________________________ assign.# ________
Unit goals: (what I should be able to do)
Analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
1. Explain the role of cell ____________________ for both ________________ and ________________ cells.
2.
What is a cell?
-All living things are made of ___________
structures called cells.
-A cell is the smallest unit of __________.
3-6. Cell Scientists
Robert Hooke-1665
One of the ___ people to see
cells. He saw _______ Cells.
7..
Cell Theory
Theodor Schwann -1839
Concluded that ______
__________ are made up of cells
Matthias Schleiden -1839
Concluded that _____
_________ are made up of cells
1- All living things are made up of _________
2- All cells come from ______________ cells
3- Cells are the _________ unit of structure & function in ____________ things.
7-8 What
are cells made of?
Cells are ______% water. Of the remaining: ______ % protein, _______% carbohydrates,
15% _______________________ , ____________% lipids. 10% miscellaneous
2 Basic Types of Cells
8.
9-11.
_________________Cells
DO HAVE
•
Cell membrane
•
Ribosomes
•
_________________
DO NOT HAVE
•
_________________
•
Nucleus
-Are all singled celled organisms. Ex: __________
-Thought of as more ________________life
-All single forms.
-Size: _________________________
_________________Cells
• Have ____________________.
• Believed to have ___________ from
prokaryotic cells (Theory of
Endosymbiosis).
• Can be _____________-celled or
___________-cellular organisms.
EX: ____________________________
-Size: ___________________________
*Why are cells so small? _______________
__________________________________
__________________________________
1
Georgia Bio Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. d. Explain the impact
of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).
13.
Cell Organization:
Cell Membrane:
• The outside of all cells are surrounded by a
membrane made of ____________________.
• Nickname: “___________________”
• Membranes are _________________
15. & 16. Cell Wall:
 _____________ and ____________ cells
also have a _______ _________ outside of
the cell membrane.
 Plant cell wall are made of ____________.
 Fungi cell walls are made of
______________.
 Cell walls can also be found
_____________.
19.
Inside the cell:
VOCAB: What does “Selectively Permeable (Semi-permeable)” mean?
 The cell wall provides ______________
and ________________ for these cells.
Plant Cell 
The inside of the cell is called the ________________.
21.
Cell Organelles:
22. Organelle means “__________
___________.”
Organelle
24.
27.
Nucleus
Ribosomes
29.
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi
Appratus
33.
Each organelle has a ___________________
function so that the cell can do its __________.
They ___________the __________ and
provide different environments for different
functions.
Function
Sketch
• The “_________”
• Contains the ______________
• DNA __________ which proteins get made-and when!
• Where _________________ are made
• Has a _________________________ bilayer
• Nuclear ______________ allow substances to move _____ and out.
• DNA ____________ leaves the nucleus
•
•
•
•
Nickname: “___________ ________________”
Place where __________________ are made.
They help put the __________ ___________ together to make proteins.
Made of the nucleic acid-_________.
• Membrane system: Function involves _______________
______________________ & _______________________.
• Can be thought of as a ______________ and a place of protein synthesis.
2 types:
• ___________________
-No attached ribosomes
- Synthesis of Lipids
• ___________________
-Attached ribosomes
More on ER:

Branches off from the ____________ membrane.
• Nickname: “_____________”
• _________________ molecules and ___________ them to their destination.
• _____________ to make sure the molecules are put together
_________________, if not correct it sends them back to the ER.
2
Georgia Bio Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. d. Explain the impact
of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).
Organelle
Lysosomes
36.
37.
Vacuoles
40.
Chloroplasts
41.
Mitochondria
Cilia and
Flagella
Function
Sketch
• Nickname “_______________ _________________”
• Has _______________ ENZYMES that breakdown and recycle molecules:
• _________ cell parts
• Invaders
•
•
•
•
•
•
__________ and _______________containers.
Plants usually have ______ _________________ vacuole.
Animals generally have __________ _________________ ones.
When used for Transport: Sometimes known as ________________.
Involved in the ___________ of cellular waste products
Play a role in ______________ pressure in plant cells
• Site of _________________ in plants and some ________________..
• Requires ________________.
•
•
•
•
Nickname: “__________________________”
Site of __________________ production
ATP is the universal _______________ molecule
Energy is stored in the bonds of _____________.
• Help single celled organisms to ___________________.
• cilia - __________, numerous
flagella - __________, fewer
• Without the cytoskeleton, the cell would have no _______. By allowing the cell to
keep shape, the cell is allowed to function and stay in ___________________.
42.
Cytoskelton
1-Microfilaments
– Help give the cell ____________, and __________________ in cytoplasm.
2-Microtubules -Aids in chromosome _______________, movement of
________________, cilia and
PLANT CELL: Label it!!!
_________.
ANIMAL CELL: Label it!!!
3
Georgia Bio Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. d. Explain the impact
of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).
Book Work: On your own:
Vocabulary REVIEW:
On your own
48.
Notes
How are organisms organized?
• Cells make up __________________.
• Tissues make up _________________.
• Organs make up _____________ ________________.
• Organ Systems make up _____________________.
Vocabulary:
(***give the function for the
organelles. What do they do?)
QUIZ ON :____________
1. Cell
2. Cell Theory
3. Prokaryote
4. Eukaryote
5. Mitochondrion
6. Vacuole
7. Cell Membrane
8. Chloroplasts
9. Cell Wall
10. Lysosome
11. Gogli Apparatus
12. Nucleus
13. Nuclear Envelope
14. Cytoplasm
15. Organelle
16. Nucleolus
17. Ribosome
18. Endoplasmic Reticulum
4
Georgia Bio Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. d. Explain the impact
of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).
Seeing Cells Lab
1. Bacteria Cells

Obtain a slide labeled “bacteria”

Label the cell (plasma) membrane.
o What is the cell membrane made of? Be specific?
_____________________________________

What kind of organism do these cells come from (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)?
_______________
2. Onion Cells

Obtain a slice of thin onion. Stain it with iodine. Observe it under 100
magnifications and draw exactly what you see.

Label the cell wall and nucleus.
o What molecule can be found in the nucleus? _________

What kind of organism do these cells come from? (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
(Plant or Animal)? ___________________________
3. Blood Cells

Obtain a slide that has a prepare sample of blood. What type of blood is
it?_____________________. Observe it under 100 magnifications and draw
exactly what you see.

Label any parts that you can see.

What kind of organism do these cells come from? (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
(Plant or Animal)? __________________________
4. Elodea Leaf
View the Elodea Leaf at 100magnification. Make a sketch and label anything you see.
1) What type of organism is it? Animal, plant, bacteria, or Fungi? How do you know?
Mag:______
Mag:______
Mag:______
Elodea Leaf
2) Eukaryotic or prokaryotic? How do you know?
3) What are the green “balls” inside each cell? What do they do?
Post Lab Questions:
1. Were any of the cells you observed today prokaryotic? If so, which ones?
2. Were any of the cells you observed today eukaryotic? If so, which ones?
3. Are all cells the same shape? Why or why not?
4. What types of organisms are not made of cells?
5. What part of the cell is “in charge” of allowing only certain things to come in and go out of the cell, thereby maintaining
homeostasis?
7. How are plants cells different from animal cells? Give at least 2 ways.
9. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar (what do they have in common)?
10. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?
5
Georgia Bio Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. d. Explain the impact
of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).
Cell Organelle Project
Your job is to create an educational book/poster/powerpoint/etc. that can be used in class to help students
understand the structure and function of the 14 organelles/structures listed below.
You should include 1) a picture of each organelle as well as 2) the function. You should also include a description
of 3) “What is a cell?” and 4) “What are organelles?” If you use pictures from the internet, there should be
reference sheet that gives credit to your sources (bibliography). Students in a Biology class should be able to use
your project to pass a test about the functions of these 14 organelles. Good luck, and be creative!!!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Gogli Apparatus
Ribosome
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
Lysosome
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
11. Vesicles
12. Centrioles
13. Cilia & Flagella
What Organelle is to Blame? (starter)
1.
A cell stops making proteins:
____________________
2.
The cell stops breaking down food and producing energy:
____________________
3.
The cell stops breaking down old cell parts:
____________________
4.
A plant cell wilts due to lack of water:
____________________
5.
A plant cell loses it support and shape:
____________________
6.
The cell stops checking and sending proteins out of the cell:
____________________
7.
A plant cell stops doing photosynthesis:
____________________
8. What is the term that is used for everything in the cell?
____________________
9. What type of cell has organelles? _______________Which type does not? ________________
Analogy (starter)
1) Sally went to the store and got all of the stuff to make a cake. She put it all on the counter next to the recipe and the stove.
She then made the cake.
a) In the above situation, which of the objects would function the closest to the DNA in a cell? ________________
b) Which of the objects would function the closest amino acids in a cell? __________________
c) Which of the objects would function the closest to ribosomes in a cell? __________________
Is it Prokaryotic or is it Eukaryotic? (starter)
Plant: ______________
Bacteria:____________
E.coli** ______________
Algae:______________
Human:_______________
Mushroom:_____________
Lion:__________________
You: __________________
*bacteria that causes Strep Throat
**bacteria in your intestines
Mouse_____________
Streptococcus* ______________
Oak Tree ______________
Mr. Andrews _____________
6
Georgia Bio Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. d. Explain the impact
of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).
“Cells Online”Link on class website
*Answers must come from the video
Video 1: List 2 organelles from the video and give their function.
1-____________________________________________________________________________
2-____________________________________________________________________________
Video 2: : List 3 ways plant cells are different from animal cells.
1-____________________________________________________________________________
2-____________________________________________________________________________
3-____________________________________________________________________________
What do chloroplasts allow plants to do? _______________________________________________
What 3 things does the plant require to do photosynthesis? ________________________________
Video 3:
What types of cells have a nucleus (give examples)? ______________________________________________
Only plant cells have a _______ __________ and ____________________.
Cell Structures and Function REVIEW
List three differences between plant cells and animal cells.
What are the 3 part of the “cell theory?”
1-________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells?
Give at least 2 differences.
What do prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have in
common?
2-________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Which type of cells have been around longer?
3-________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Organelle
Major Functions
Golgi
Ribosome
Nucleus
Lysosome
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
7
Georgia Bio Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. d. Explain the
impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).
Writing Prompts: (Starters and Reviews)
#1) What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell? (give at least 3 differences in 4 sentences)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
#2) What are the functions of the ribosomes and the cell membrane? (3 sentences) __________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
#3) How/Why is it beneficial to a cell to have organelles? How does it help the cell survive? (3 sentences)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Prokaryote or Eukaryote
(Starter)
Read the following statements and mark whether it is describing a prokaryote, eukaryote, or both.
Prokaryote
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Eukaryote
Both
Eric is looking through the microscope and sees one cell and there is no evidence of a
nucleus or organelles.
Angie explains to the class how at her old school they spent an entire day learning
about the flagella.
David sees hundreds of unicellular cells moving around under the microscope.
Travis has been told that they are going to be looking at examples of bacteria cells
under the microscope today.
Courtney tells a student that was absent the day before that they were trying to
identify genetic material (DNA or RNA) within a cell.
Tina is describing a cell that she saw to her teacher. She remembers seeing a nucleus
and organelles that resembled the mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Adam looks under the microscope and notices that the cell has a cell membrane.
The teacher tells the class to take a leaf and look at it under the microscope.
Nick remembers learning in school about the cells found in protists.
Bailey is telling her friend about the cell that was the first to evolve
Stacey saw a picture of a cell with cytoplasm and ribosomes.
Marcus wonders what type of cells fungi are made of.
Molly looks into the microscope and sees an organism that is multicellular
Cell Labeling
(Starter)
1.________________ ________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
6. _______________________________
8. _______________________________
9. ________________________________
10. ________________________________
11. ________________________________
12_________________________________
13_________________________________
14_________________________________
8
Georgia Bio Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. d. Explain the
impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).