Download Cell Theory Quiz Study Guide Name

Genetics and Heredity Part I TEST Study Guide
Name : ____________________________
Pd ___
Complete and study each of the following:
1. The _______________________ Theory states that genes are passed from parent to offspring on
Chromosomes.
2. Walter _____________ discovered that chromosomes contain genes.
3. Fertilization occurs when the two reproductive cells combine and the fertilized egg is called a zygote.
4. Offspring is another name for the child of a parent.
5. _________________________cells have pairs of chromosomes and are reproduced through
__________(process) . An example would be body cells.
6. _________________________ cells have ½ the normal number of chromosomes and are reproduced
through ____________________ (process). Examples would be reproductive/sex cells.
7. Thomas Hunt _______________ found the X and Y sex chromosomes while experimenting with fruit flies.
8. _____ is the female chromosome pair and _______is the male chromosome pair.
9. A _______ is an observable characteristic for example eye color or hair thickness.
10. A _______ is a section of DNA on a chromosome which carries hereditary information.
11. A _____________________ is found in the nucleus and contains genes.
12. The process in which DNA molecules form exact copies of themselves is _____________________.
13. The shape of the DNA can be described as a twisted ladder or a ____________ ____________.
14. The sides of the “DNA ladder” are made of _______________ molecules and phosphate groups.
15. __________________________ bases form the rungs of the ladder (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).
16. ____________ matches with Thymine while Cytosine matches with _____________ These are the nitrogen
base pairs.
17. The order of the nitrogen bases on the DNA molecule is known as the genetic _______.
18. In 1952, Rosalind ____________ discovered DNA is 2 chains of molecules.
19. In 1953, using the above scientist’s research, _____________ and ____________ made a model of DNA.
20. A _____________________ is any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a chromosome or gene.
21. _____________________ are factors that cause mutations.
22. Sickle cell anemia is considered a ____________ mutation because it is a danger to the person with the
mutation.
23. The three types of mutations are _____________, ____________ and ____________.
24. Mutations can occur in cells ___________________________ or can be caused by ____________. These
could be mistakes during replication or through damage to the genes from the environment.
25. Chromosomes are made of ___________ information which is made of _______ which are made of ___
which is made of ____________ base pairs and _______-phosphate molecules.
26. Match each word with the correct letter from the diagram.
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
nitrogen base pair
adenine
cytosine
Thymine
Guanine
Sugar
phosphate
27. Order the steps of DNA replication listed below
A. Bases attached to each strand pair up with bases in cytoplasm.
B. Sugar and phosphate groups bond to form sides of new DNA strands.
C. Enzyme breaks bonds and DNA strands unwind and separate.
Step One ___ Step Two ___ Step Three ___
28. Complete the following DNA strand (complete the other half/matching nitrogen bases)
A
G
C
A
T
T
C
A
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___