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Contemporary Biology Per. 4 Halliwell/Mortara Study Guide Test #2 Chapter 3 Important Scientists – Cell Theory Fill in the blanks. 1. Robert Hooke made a simple microscope and was the first scientist to look at ________ ______ under a microscope. 2. A ______ is the basic unit of structure and function in a _________ organism. 3. Matthias Schleiden concluded that all _______ are made up of cells. 4. ________ _________ reported that all ________ are made up of cells. 5. Robert Virchow concluded that cells must come from ___________ cells. 6. What are Three Principles of Cell Theory? 1) _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2) _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3) _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Types of Microscopes 7. A transmission electron microscope is ______________________________________________________________. 8. A compound light microscope is a microscope that uses _________ and a series of ________ to magnify an image. 9. A scanning electron microscope is ________________________________________________________________. Cell Boundaries 10. All cells must maintain balance, or ___________, regardless of external or internal conditions. 11. The plasma membrane, the boundary between the cell and its environment, is ____________ ___________________ meaning that only some substances can pass in and out of the cell. 12. The cell membrane is made up of the __________ ____________ which is two layers of lipids back to back. Passive Transport 13. Passive transport is defined as when substances cross the membrane without the cell expending ______________. 14. Types of Passive Transport ___________: random movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration. ____________ __________: uses a ________ protein to help molecules move through the membrane. ___________: the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Solutions 15. When two solutions have equal solute concentrations, they are said to be _____________. 16. When one solution has a lower solute concentration than another solution, they are said to be _____________. 17. When one solution has a higher solute concentration than another solution, they are said to be _____________. Active Transport 18. Active transport requires the cell to use ________ to move molecules from low to _____ concentration. Cell Terms to Know 19. A prokaryote is a cell that does not have a ____________. 20. A ____________ is a cell that does have a nucleus. Organelles 21. What is an organelle? _________________________________________ Know your Organelles and Cell Structures! Cell membrane: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Cell wall: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Nucleus: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Cytoplasm: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Lysosome: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Vacuole: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Chromosome: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Chloroplast: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Centriole: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Cytoskeleton: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Mitochondrion: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Ribosome: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Nucleolus: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: Golgi apparatus: Plant cell, animal cell, or both? ____________________ Function: