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Cells I. Looking at Cells A. Cells are the smallest, most basic unit of life. B. There are approximately 60 to 100 trillion cells in the average adult human. C. The microscope is a tool that helps us to look inside of cells. D. Discovery of Cells 1. 1665 - Robert Hooke used a primitive microscope to look at thin slices of cork. He called these units “Cells” 2. Microscopes also make it possible to watch cells reproduce by mitosis, or cellular division. E. 1900 - The Cell Theory: 2 Parts 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. All cells are produced by other living cells. F. Living Things Contain Cells. 2 Groups: 1. Multi-celled Organisms = living things made of many cells (ex. human, elephant, tree,....) 2. Single-celled Organisms = living things made of just one cell (ex. bacteria) G. There are two types of cells: 1. Animal Cells 2. Plant Cells II. Cell Organelles: A. Organelle = ‘small organ’ B. Animal Cell Organelles: 1. Cell Membrane: -saclike lining that surrounds the cell -holds the insides together -controls the flow of substances in and out of the cell 2. Nucleus: -’control center’/brain -contains chromosomes which store the directions for the cell’s ‘activities’ 3. Nuclear Membrane: -membrane that surrounds the nucleus 4. Cytoplasm: -jellylike fluid that fills the cell 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum: -channels/“railroad” system to transport materials 6. Vacuole: -stores water/food/wastes 7. Ribosomes: -produce substances needed for growth and other activities (‘factory’ for making proteins) 8. Mitochondria: -capsule-shaped body that creates energy for the cell C) Plant Cell = same as animal cell, but it also has 2 other organelles: 1. Cell Wall: -stiff membrane that covers the outside of cell membrane (box-like shape) 2. Chloroplast: -green bodies that trap sunlight energy for making food -From the Greek words ’chloro’ (green) and ‘plastid’ (body)